Introduction. Dependence of a load power from a voltage in the form of static load characteristics permits to improve the accuracy of regime calculations significantly. This fact is extremely important, when it is necessary to define the area of permissible operating regimes for power systems. The most technologically advanced approach to collect data for the static load characteristics identification is a passive experiment, but the statistical processing of data does not allow for the polynomial models identification. The problems in the statistical processing connect with the small range of voltage variations in a passive experiment and an influence of grid responsiveness to the voltage on load busses.

Goal - development of a technique that allows to determine polynomial models of static characteristics in terms of voltage from linear models.

Materials and methods. In the paper, the technique based on the initial identification of the linear model, defined by EM-algorithm, and continued by the Lagrange multiplier method optimization with iterations by the Newton method is suggested.

Results and discussion. As a result, for the large industrial consumer the polynomial models of the static load characteristics have been obtained. The polynomial model coefficients are installed into the software for regime calculations, and, then, the regime modeling with serial changes of active and reactive power nominal values, recording calculated values of powers on load busses and the comparison with standard models of static load characteristics are completed.

Conclusion. The dispersion of initial data in reference to calculated data shows, that polynomial models of static load characteristics, identified by suggested technique, simulate the regime with the greater accuracy than standard models of static load characteristics.

Introduction. Currently, failures are one of the main and urgent problems for the normal functioning of power supply systems, they are at first glance unpredictable, however, in addition to accidental, there are failures that occur according to some regularity. Power transformers, electric machines and transmission lines of different voltage levels are considered the main electrical equipment. It should be noted that the general trend is a high percentage of wear and tear, moral and physical aging of the main and auxiliary electrical equipment.

Goal - the application of methods of mathematical analysis and predictive analytics to predict the number of failures of electrical equipment and the development of an algorithm for calculating forecasting to assess damages in the future.

Materials and methods. The applied methods are based on approximation and on extrapolation of the data of electrical equipment failures for 2011-2021 in the conditions of the power supply system of Magnitogorsk energy hub. For convenience of work with mathematical apparatus were used software programs “Matlab” in the format of directed vectors and utilities “Curve fitting”, as well as software “Microsoft Excel”.

Results and discussion. The article proposes a methodology for predicting failures for the future period, which can allow, given a sufficient amount of input data, to obtain the estimated number of failures for the object under study.

Conclusion. According to the results of the conducted research the methodology for short-term forecasting of the number of failures was developed, it was also applied to real statistical data and showed acceptable reliability and adequacy. In the future, similar forecasts can be performed for various types of electrical equipment in the conditions of urban and industrial networks for future planning of budgetary funds allocated for additional diagnostics, replacement and preventive maintenance as of the current moment, which will prevent the scale of accidents, reduce their number, which will lead to increased reliability of the power supply system of industrial and urban consumers.

Introduction. The article examines the influence of microgeneration facilities based on photovoltaic converters on power quality indicators associated with positive and negative voltage deviation, as well as the influence of a technical device for regulating output power on these indicators. Goal. Determination of the influence of micro-generation facilities based on PV on power quality indicators associated with slow voltage changes, and a study using a mathematical model of a technical solution for regulating the output power of PV through the installation of positioning systems.

Materials and methods. The work used a simulation approach, according to which the method of mathematical modeling was applied.

Results and discussion. When considering cases of various levels of implementation of microgeneration facilities based on PV, the likelihood of a negative impact of microgeneration facilities on the voltage values in the nodes of the electrical network was identified.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that changing the output power of photovoltaic converters makes it possible to mitigate the disadvantages of introducing microgeneration facilities associated with increased voltage and improve the quality of electricity in low-voltage electrical distribution networks.

Introduction. The article presents the elements and the results of applying the methodology developed by the authors which is intended to determine the parameters of unobservable nodes of the power system. The shortage of a new type of electrical measuring instruments - phasor measurement unit (PMU) - determines a need of the development of an algorithm for computing the electrical parameters of unobservable nodes of the power system, i.e. nodes not equipped with PMU.

Goal - using the example of an overhead power transmission line (LEP) with a length of 286 km, to conduct a study of the effect of corona discharge under various weather conditions characteristic of a number of Russian regions on changes in the operating parameters of power lines: voltage losses, phase angle of current and voltage.

Materials and methods. Calculations were carried out using two models: with a dynamic corona depending on meteorological conditions (Levitov’s method), and with a static discharge determined by average annual losses.

Results and discussion. It was found out that the influence of the dynamic corona on the difference between voltage losses and the expected result (i.e., obtained by means of the traditional model with a static corona) is negligible (no more than 200 V), while the effect on the phase shifts of current and voltage is much more significant and as a rule exceeds the limits of the PMU errors. In the study is noted that the current phase shift is much more sensible to weather changes than other parameters.

Conclusion. The authors recommend taking into account effect of a meteorologically dependent corona in the future developments in order to avoid accumulated error (if there are number of power lines equipped with only a few PMU at the beginning or end). It is also important to take into account dynamic corona discharge for system operated by automatic algorithms in order to avoid occurrence of incorrect interpretations of phase shifts caused by weather changes as potentially dangerous electrical processes caused by regime processes of a possible transition of the system to a pre-emergency state.

Introduction. Improving communication with clients and business partners is the main task that involves the use of CRM systems. Such systems contribute to effective business management through the use of information technology in modeling customer relationships. The use of CRM systems in companies is attracting more and more attention from economists and scientists, especially nowadays.

Goal. The purpose of the study is to assess current trends in the processes of implementing a CRM system to ensure intra-company coordination in the enterprise.

Materials and methods. The work used methods of theoretical analysis, modeling (in terms of constructing the necessary models of marketing strategies), the method of generalization and induction.

Results and discussions. Companies use CRM systems to meet their needs and goals and conduct market research to select a system that best suits those needs. The choice of a CRM system (its software, methodological tools, theoretical basis, etc.) contributes to the achievement of the company’s goals as a result of informatization of customer interaction processes.

Conclusion. To continue research in this area, it is necessary to determine the prospects and features of the use of CRM systems in various areas of business (depending on industries, company sizes and other factors) and identify the main opportunities that the company receives as a result of the implementation of this tool. In addition to determining the current status of individual transactions and assessing the performance of various sales channels, CRM systems identify market trends, analyze long-term sales trends, and provide the ability to identify factors that may influence decline.

Introduction. Methodological problems of assessing industry average financial ratios and indicators are solved in theoretical and applied sources in different ways, but most of these solutions have a number of significant shortcomings that are quite difficult to solve without developing new, specific tools and taking into account the statistical characteristics of companies of different groups.

Goal. The purpose of the work is to study the methodological tools for assessing financial ratios at the macro- and mesolevel, to develop and test new approaches to their assessment using materials from fertilizer producing companies.

Materials and methods. The information base was compiled by the financial statements of companies with the type of activity 20.15 - Production of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds for the period 2019 - 2022. The work took into account the features of institutional changes that occurred in open sources in 2022. The authors used deterministic modeling methods to assess the impact of companies that do not disclose their reports in 2022 in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 12, 2022 No. 351; methods of financial analysis and modeling; statistical methods (weighted arithmetic mean, median, MAD - Median absolute deviation, outlier assessment based on interquartile ranges, grouping methods). The listed tools were used to assess the level, dynamics and factors of return on equity of companies in the industry; the features of the formation and dynamics of ROE in various typical groups are highlighted; An assessment of the homogeneity of groups according to the level of ROE and its factors was carried out.

Results and discussion. Methodological approaches to estimating industry average values of financial ratios have been studied; The ROE of fertilizer producing companies was calculated on the basis of traditional methods, the disadvantages of its use were shown, and assessment tools using both traditional and robust indicators were proposed. The integrated use of various types of averages for companies in the industry as a whole and for their individual groups gives a more complete picture of the state and trends in the development of companies' financial policies.

Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the level of profitability of fertilizer producing companies in an unstable economic environment; a conclusion is given on the development of tools for analyzing financial indicators at the industry level.

Introduction. The relevance of the problem of state regulation of financing processes and capital repairs of common property of apartment buildings is due to the need to extend the service life of buildings, as well as improve the provision of high-quality housing to the population.

Goal. The purpose of the study is to justify the mechanism of tax incentives for extrabudgetary financing of capital repairs of common property of apartment buildings.

Materials and methods. The main provisions of the legislation regulating the overhaul of apartment buildings, and the procedure for calculating taxes by organizations and individuals - its participants are considered. The practice of major repairs of apartment buildings on the example of the Stavropol Territory was analyzed.

Results and discussion. The main problems of organizing the overhaul of apartment buildings were identified, including insufficient funding for work. Participants in the overhaul relationship have been identified: owners of premises, management organizations (management companies, homeowners' partnerships, housing cooperatives), regional operator, contractors, authorities of the constituent entities of the federation and municipalities, and the Territory Development Fund. Analysis of the provisions of the legislation on taxation issues made it possible to conclude that tax preferences for management organizations and the regional operator are not stimulating. They are constructive elements of value added tax and corporate income tax, allowing them to perform their functions. Thus, these organizations have the right not to take into account the collected contributions for major repairs and budget subsidies, considering them as funds of targeted financing when calculating the income tax of organizations. In addition, they do not include in the tax base for value added tax funds forming funds for the overhaul of apartment buildings.

Conclusion. In order to stimulate extra-budgetary financing of work on the overhaul of the MKD, it is proposed to introduce a property tax deduction for personal income tax for owners of premises in the amount of contributions paid.

Introduction. One of the main problems in the activities of commercial banks is the risk of non-repayment of loans, as a result of which the amount of banking profit decreases and the risk of bankruptcy arises.

Goal. The purpose of the study is to prove the need and importance of developing and implementing an assessment of the borrower’s creditworthiness to reduce the risk of non-repayment of issued loans.

Materials and methods. Every year, the Bank of Russia expands its review of lending statistics to improve the information support of users with statistical data. In this regard, the development and implementation of a universal methodology for assessing the borrower’s creditworthiness is becoming increasingly important. Newly published reports suggest that corporate lending is growing progressively, becoming the main driver of bank income growth. In 2022 alone, the total corporate loan portfolio of Russian banks amounted to 59.1 trillion rubles, while the portfolio of unsecured loans in the consumer segment approached the figure of 12 trillion rubles. The study shows that the volume of loans issued to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs occupies the largest share among all segments of the credit market.

Results and discussion. Consequently, an important problem of the modern financial system is the development and implementation of a thorough and universal methodology for assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers in order to reduce the existing risks of non-repayment. The article analyzes existing methods for assessing the borrower's creditworthiness and draws conclusions regarding the possibility of developing and implementing a universal model for assessing the borrower's creditworthiness and the effect of its implementation.

Conclusion. As a result of the development and implementation of a universal methodology for assessing the borrower’s creditworthiness, the risk of non-repayment of loan funds will be significantly reduced, since the data that will be used in the calculation will reflect the real financial condition of the potential borrower.

Introduction. The commercial bank uses the deposit as the main long-term attracted resource to ensure its activities. For certain categories of citizens, banks offer increased interest rates on deposits. The current legislation regulating the banking sector is in constant and dynamic development. Every year, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation proposes new bills or makes adjustments to existing regulations. Knowledge of current innovations and amendments and their compliance is the main tool for the work of a commercial bank.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the reasons for the differentiation of conditions by deposits, the main stakeholders, their interests and contradictions are studied, and possible ways of resolving the problem are proposed, taking into account the obstacles in their path. The analysis of changes in deposit rates necessitated the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, formal logic, comparison, induction, deduction, etc.

Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the deposit allowances for different categories of customers differ. Salary clients and those who leave their applications online receive more deposit allowances. The main stakeholders are commercial banks, microfinance organizations, the Central Bank, clients of commercial banks and employees of commercial banks.

Conclusion. The problem of differentiating conditions by deposits is ambiguous and has both advantages and disadvantages. When settling it, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all participants in financial relations in order not to upset the balance and come to mutually beneficial cooperation between them.

Introduction. Modern conditions for economic development are associated with constant processes of transformation of key business processes. At the same time, the transition to a new technological structure contributes to the introduction of not only individual innovative technologies into the activities of economic entities, but also to a change in the concept of business planning as a whole. In this regard, one of the current areas of scientific justification for the functioning of the socio-economic system in the digital economy is the process of developing and implementing innovative business models. Goal.

Goal. The goal of the study is to identify, generalize and structure the process of developing and implementing startups based on specific parameters of technological entrepreneurship as an innovative direction of business development.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the application of general scientific approaches and methods of economic analysis to the study of the results of the practical implementation of technological entrepreneurship projects. At the same time, the insufficient amount of experience gained and the lack of an empirical base of results from the introduction of innovative products and knowledge-intensive technologies in the long-term planning corridor narrows the information base of research to mainly theoretical scientific positions and concepts.

Results and discussion. A detailed and consistent study of domestic and foreign approaches to the methodology for developing business models in a transformational economy allowed the authors to offer a universal business model for the implementation of innovative projects. The versatility of the obtained business model is characterized by the possibility of its use in any direction of technological entrepreneurship, taking into account the adjustment of industry parameters for the implementation of the startup.

Conclusion. In general, the adaptation of traditional business models to the conditions of the digital economy will increase the level of demand for high-tech industries, and therefore the knowledge intensity of the national economy through the introduction of innovative products and services, as well as the use of digital innovations and financial technologies.

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of individual macroeconomic effects of the impact of innovative entrepreneurship on economic growth in the fast-growing BRICS member countries. Despite the fact that innovative entrepreneurship has recently attracted a lot of attention in theoretical and methodological aspects due to its enormous impact on economic growth in technologically leading countries, there are few in-depth empirical studies that pay sufficient attention to the explicit relationship between innovative entrepreneurship and economic growth in new countries, forming a system of neo-global equilibrium and economic growth in the global economy.

Goal. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential relationship between innovative entrepreneurship and economic growth, focusing on the fast-growing economies of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).

Materials and methods. The study uses analytical data for the period from 2002 to 2022 and a number of econometric tools for macroeconomic assessment, including the combined least squares model, fixed effects, generalized least squares and two-stage least squares methods.

Results and discussion. The results of the empirical analysis show that innovative entrepreneurship has a positive and signifycant impact on economic growth in the BRICS countries. Similarly, the openness of trade and the growth of physical capital stocks also contributed to overall economic growth.

Conclusion. A positive relationship between human capital and economic growth has been revealed, which is statistically significant for the economies of the BRICS countries. Finally, the verification of the causal relationship revealed a one-sided relationship directed from innovative entrepreneurship to economic growth.

Introduction. Increasing the efficiency of residential heating systems is one of the priority tasks of the thermal power industry. One way to increase the energy efficiency of heating is to use heat pumps (HP).

Goal. Justification of a method for increasing the efficiency of heat pumps.

Materials and methods. The research is based on empirical methods of direct and indirect observations, analytical and experimental methods.

Results and discussion. The efficiency of a heat pump is determined by the thermal transformation coefficient, which is higher the higher the temperature of the low potential heat source (LPH). This work shows the possibility of effectively using the heat of organic waste (biomass) as an LPH, the fermentation temperature of which can reach quite high values. Conducted experiments and theoretical calculations show a significant increase in the efficiency of HP with increasing temperature of the LPH.

Conclusion. When using biomass as LPH, the conversion coefficient of the heat pump reaches 5...7 units, which allows it to be used as an alternative to gas heating. The experiments carried out confirm the theoretical calculations of the conversion coefficient, and we can talk about the economic efficiency of using such heat pump units.

Introduction. In the context of the development of anti-Russian sanctions, the transformation of the domestic economy is taking place, in which more and more threats to both the economic and national security of the state are concentrated. The negative dynamics is associated with the development of the state budget deficit and its impact on the socio-economic policy of the country.

Goal. The purpose of the study is a detailed analysis of the main causes of the state budget deficit, including anti-Russian sanctions, the complex geopolitical situation in the world, as well as the degree of their influence on the socio-economic policy pursued by the state.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is: analysis, comparison, generalization. Statistical data and publications of scientists became the basis for the materials of scientific work.

Results and discussion. The estimates and views of domestic scientists and economists on this problem are presented. The role of oil and gas revenues in the process of forming the state budget of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The consequences of increasing costs are determined. The negative impact of the development of inflationary processes on the level and quality of life of the population is presented. Russia's place in the world ranking of countries by the level of tax burden has been determined. Possible threats to the business environment associated with fluctuations in the key rate have been identified. The essence and economic validity of the sources of covering the state budget deficit are revealed. Proposals are formulated to improve and stabilize the socio-economic state of the country, minimize possible risks of economic recession.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that despite the increasing tension in the economy associated with the development of the state budget deficit, Russia has great potential and opportunities to overcome the crisis through structural and institutional transformations.

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying the possibilities of digital marketing in the aspect of promoting services in the domestic cultural sphere. It has been established that a corporate website is the main tool of marketing communications for cultural organizations.

Materials and methods. In the process of performing the work, retrospective, analytical, and descriptive methods of analysis were used. A survey of heads of cultural organizations, as well as academic literature on the topic of research, was used as a source of primary information.

Results and discussion. The key directions of transformation of the activities of modern cultural institutions based on digitalization are systematized. A set of competencies that should be endowed with a digital marketer of such an organization has been formed.

Conclusion. The developed recommendations for managing the process of introducing digital marketing into the activities of cultural institutions will allow for more effective communication with consumers of cultural services.

Introduction. In modern conditions, issues of monetary circulation, proportionality and balance of the money market are the most important aspects of the financial stability of the national economy. The article emphasizes the importance of using factors to regulate monetary policy and the need to transform the state's monetary policy. The authors consider the views of economic schools regarding state monetary policy regimes. Attention is focused on the views of keynesian and monetarist doctrines on monetary policy.

Goal. Analyze the state of the country’s money market, as well as analyze the problems of imbalances in the country’s money market, substantiate the contradictions between commodity and financial-value flows in the national economy, leading to a shortage of money. Prove the ineffectiveness of monetarist (neoliberal) recipes for the development of monetary circulation.

Materials and conclusions. The study is based on the methods of dialectical, retrospective, descriptive, comparative analysis, absolute, average and relative values, as well as predictive analysis. A conclusion is made about considering the issues of applying effective monetary policy regimes.

Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the reasons for the monetary reform and the reasons for the sharp decline in the country's socio-economic development were revealed. The problems of the country's low level of monetary security are discussed.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the use of the money supply targeting regime is the most effective and will be effective in the future. Modern measures of non-inflationary growth of the money supply are proposed.

Introduction. Research on human capital occupies a central place in modern scientific discourse. In the context of unprecedented sanctions pressure on Russia, strengthening and building up human capital is becoming a critically important factor in ensuring economic sustainability. The assessment of the quality of human capital in Russia in recent years has revealed an increase in this indicator, however, the sanctions imposed against Russia necessitate accelerated measures to further strengthen human capital and increase its potential.

Goal. Highlighting the problems of development and prospects for increasing the Russian potential of human capital in the context of external sanctions.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of situational and systemic approaches, which allowed us to identify opportunities for the growth of human capital potential in new conditions.

Results and discussion. The importance of human capital development for innovative economic growth is substantiated. There is a direct link between the development of human capital and investments in education, science, healthcare and professional development, which allows increasing labor productivity, stimulating innovative processes and increasing human competitiveness in the market. The indicators of the assessment of the innovative component of human capital in the country are presented. The directions of human capital development in the economy under the conditions of sanctions pressure are given.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the programmatic approach to the development of human capital potential involves systematic planning and implementation of measures aimed at its integrated development, taking into account external factors. Using a programmatic approach to the development of human capital, the state and business can create a favorable environment for realizing the opportunities of each person and ensuring the prosperity of the whole country.

Introduction. Currently, migration processes are an integral part of the development of modern society. Every year, almost all countries in the world record the number of outflows and inflows of citizens, the entry and exit of the population for permanent or temporary residence, etc.

Goal. The goal is to identify the impact of active migration processes on the socio-economic, cultural and demographic climate of Russia.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the official portal ROSMIGRANT, the official website of the Russian International Affairs Council, with the help of which summary tables are generated for a holistic study of the problem.

Results and discussion. There are approximately 280 million international migrants in the world. Based on strategic forecasts and possible developments, each country individually forms its own migration policy. The basis of migration processes in most countries is labor migration.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that only competent management of migration processes will create a stable and safe society that will contribute to the prosperity and development of the state together with attracting labor from abroad.

Introduction. In modern realities, the widespread introduction and testing of digital technologies has required a conscious rethinking of the strategic development models of not only entrepreneurs, but also the organization of the social sphere. Practice confirms that domestic NPOs providing social assistance are increasing their potential with digital innovations. The prospect of using digital technologies in social work services has repeatedly sparked new discussions in social work institutions.

Materials and methods. The methods of grouping, comparing and summarizing information were applied as fundamental. Using the methods of expert assessments of the ball, the adaptation of digital processes of service and social assistance in the context of their use in the interests of beneficiaries was carried out.

Results and discussion. A review of existing risks and prospects for the use of digital technologies in the social environment was made using the methods of comparative analysis, social expertise, and content analysis of scientific works. A special place in the study is occupied by factors that slow down digital processes in socially significant organizations. The root cause of the limitations has been proven to lie in insufficient/absent skills in design and digital competence among social work employees, as well as infrastructural limitations.

Conclusion. In conclusion the author concludes that the dominant digital direction in modern society stimulates the social sector to transform classical methods of working with the target audience.

Introduction. During the period of economic and social transformations, the implementation of state support for small and mediumsized businesses is of particular importance in the context of the development of the regional economy.

Goal. As the goal of the study, the authors determine the need to develop an up-to-date organizational and economic mechanism to support the business sector.

Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of private business segments in a regional context, as well as on an analysis of the characteristics of the functioning of the business sector of a particular region (in particular, on statistical data and information materials on the development of small businesses in the Republic of Bashkortostan).

Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the main problems in organizing state support for entrepreneurs were identified, the principles of public-private partnership - an institutional tool for patronage of business entities - were considered. Based on the results of the study, a standard organizational and economic mechanism for implementing support for small and medium-sized businesses was developed, designed to concretize the concept of patronage of small and mediumsized private organizations at the regional level.

Conclusion. The structure of the proposed mechanism in the system of already accepted methods of supporting the regional business sector ensures the implementation of an important principle of patronage of the business sector - a focus on the development of the institution of municipal-private partnership.

Introduction. One of the most difficult aspects that organizations face when implementing international management system standards is understanding and meeting the requirements related to the validation of processes for producing products or providing services.

Goal. The article discusses tools and methods for validating processes for producing products or providing services.

Materials and methods. Groups of management system processes are considered that require periodic “validation” - checking the process for its ability to achieve planned results. The main factors and indicators that influence the ability of production processes or service delivery processes to achieve planned results are considered. An algorithm for validating processes for producing products or providing services is considered.

Results and discussion. Processes that require periodic “validation” include: so-called “special” processes, processes for the provision of services, as well as processes whose results are verified through random inspection (large-scale production and production of materials).

Conclusion. Validation of management system processes should be carried out regularly at specified intervals to ensure that the process continues to achieve the required results.

Introduction. The biochemistry is very complex, studied mainly in 2-3 courses in higher and secondary educational institutions, which has certain specifics in the preparation of theoretical tasks in the educational process. In this regard, it is important to use non-traditional teaching methods, which include Olympiads.

Goal. Highlighting the problems and prospects for the development of the student Olympiad movement, the formation of a high-quality contingent of students.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the theoretical round in the intramural stage of the Olympiad in biochemistry for university students with examples of tasks from different years for the period from 2018 to 2024 academic years.

Results and discussion. The article describes examples of theoretical tasks and provides their analysis. The task of the theoretical round of the full-time stage of the Olympiad included ten tasks. The time during which the participants of the Olympiad completed tasks was 120 minutes; the maximum possible amount of points for completing all tasks was 50 points. Tasks are given for the analysis of oligosaccharides, inactivation of toxic substances, lactose disaccharide intolerance, calculation of the molecular weight of chlorophyll, determination of the relationship of limonene, camphor and squalene, hydrolysis of triglyceride in the human intestine, ways of synthesis of ascorbic acid in animal organisms and plants, calculations during lactic acid fermentation, calculation of the needs of essential amino acids for humans, determination of the structure of the peptide.

Conclusion. Conducting biochemical Olympiads helps to increase the level of competitiveness, expands the boundaries of the Olympiad movement, helps to form a unified educational Olympiad environment in вiochemistry.

Introduction. The article is devoted to one of the significant problems of modern domestic higher education - the problem of improving the quality level of training of future economists of higher educational institutions for professional activity in the field of social entrepreneurship. The substantiation of the research problem is legitimately carried out within the framework of the phenomenological meaning of such basic concepts as "social entrepreneurship", "practice-oriented training", "activity-competence" approach. Analyzing the first concept, the authors actualized the main essential characteristics of social entrepreneurship, defined the basic principles of professional activity in this field.

Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the subject under consideration, comparison, systematization, generalization, research of relevant documentation were used in the work. The analysis of the problem chosen for study in this article requires the categorical development of a conceptual series reflecting the relevant subject field of research. The basic concept is the concept of social entrepreneurship.

Results and discussion. The article proves that the high efficiency of training future economists for entrepreneurship in the social sphere is due to the orientation of such training on the methodological significance of the practice-oriented approach.

Conclusion. The high importance of preparing future economists for social entrepreneurship in the modern socio-economic reality determines the essential importance and necessity of qualitative transformation of the purposeful work of relevant educational organizations to form students' professional readiness to carry out this kind of activity. One of the basic mechanisms for improving the quality of the work of universities and faculties of economics in this direction is the practice-oriented training of future economists in the field of social and entrepreneurial activity.

Introduction. The society's need for competitive specialists capable of solving urgent tasks requires focusing efforts on solving the most acute problems of education in modern conditions of modernization of the professional training of future teachers.

Goal is to analyze the concepts of «self-development», «professional and personal self-development», to determine and experimentally verify the effectiveness of conditions for the formation of a future teacher's readiness for professional and personal self-development.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of professional development and self-determination; the concepts of professional and personal self-development of a future teacher, using the following methods: system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization and systematization. The pedagogical experiment has become the leading method of studying this problem. The study involved 137 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students of the I. A. Bunin Yelets State University, who receive education in the following areas of training: 03.44.05 Pedagogical education.

Results and discussion. The assessment of the future teacher's readiness for continuous professional and personal self-development was carried out on the basis of a survey, expert assessments and observation. The identified effective methods, technologies, tools and learning conditions ensure high quality of the educational process organization.

Conclusion. It is concluded that an important condition for the continuous professional and personal selfdevelopment of a future teacher is the principle of self-activity, which orients the future teacher to reveal his own pedagogical creative abilities.

Introduction. The article examines modern models of teaching regional history in the school education system.

The goal is to identify possible models for the implementation of regional history in the general education system.

Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of scientific literature to highlight modern models of teaching regional history at school. When writing the article, the modeling method was used to build models for the implementation of regional history in general education, and the deductive method was used to build options for the implementation of regional history within the framework of updated regulatory documentation. As part of the study, a comparative method was used to draw up the structure of a comprehensive and integrative approach to the implementation of regional history in school using the example of the educational course “History of Kabardino-Balkaria”.

Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the absence of unified approaches to teaching regional history was discovered, for example, in the issue of regulating the time and volume that are necessary for studying regional material. This negatively affects the perception of general historical material, which necessitates the need for additional comprehensive measures in the regions to regulate the teaching of regional historical material and improve its status in the school education system. The scientific novelty of the research is the construction of a comprehensive model for the implementation of regional history in school and the development of a structure for integrating regional material on the history of Kabardino-Balkaria into the Federal work program for the academic subject “History”.

Conclusion. The conducted research allows us to draw conclusions that the Federal educational programs have ample opportunities for the implementation of regional history. The constructed complex model assumes the use of single-subject and complex options for its implementation. The choice of approaches depends on the federal curriculum, which is taken as the basis for organizing the educational process at school.