Newsletter of North-Caucasus Federal University
Peer-reviewed journal "NEWSLETTER OF NORTH-CAUCASUS FEDERAL UNIVERSITY"
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Modernization of Electric Power Installations of Ships
Introduction. Despite a number of developed regulatory and legal acts, including the “Initial IMO (International Maritime Organization) Strategy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships”, amendments to Annex VI of the “International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)”, ND 2-020101-163 “Rules for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Operating in Marine Areas and Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation”, etc., changes in domestic shipbuilding in this area are barely noticeable, and maritime transport continues to be operated, including in uneconomical modes with relatively high harmful emissions. Such modes are typical primarily for technical fleet vessels, as well as coastal and in-port navigation vessels, which operate with frequent maneuvering and share modes. Therefore, the tasks of modernizing the power plants of such vessels in order to increase their energy efficiency and environmental friendliness are urgent. However, the development of land roads sometimes leads to the fact that coastal sea communications, widely used in the recent past, can be almost completely unjustifiably terminated. The aging coastal navigation fleet ceases to be updated. Goal. The study aims to provide the reasoning for the need to develop coastal sea communications, as well as the study of the main directions of modernization of power electric power plants of technical fleet vessels and coastal and in-port navigation vessels. Materials and methods. One of the ways to solve this multifactorial problem is to use combined electric power plants. Using the example of Vladivostok, it is shown that coastal cargo and passenger transportation, despite its seasonality, has significant advantages over land transportation. Results and discussions. Vessels equipped with the proposed combined power plant containing different types of energy sources are free from the above-mentioned shortcomings and meet the requirements of regulatory and legal acts. Conclusion. Modernization of electric power plants by their hybridization allows improving the ecological and economic indicators of vessels.
Spin magnetic fluxes in ferromagnetic elements of electrical engineering complexes and systems
Introduction. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that the spin magnetic flux of an electron, which is the basis of the proper magnetic field of ferromagnets, has not yet been established. In 1948, F. London calculated the quantum of magnetic flux from an electric current created by one electron. The key condition for the calculation was ascribing a quantum of kinetic moment ћ to the electron. In 1956, L. Cooper described two-particle systems of correlated electrons (Cooper pairs) arising in conductors due to electron-phonon interaction. Assigning a quantum of kinetic moment ћ to a two-particle system leads to a decrease in the calculated value of the quantum of magnetic flux by half. Neither F. London nor L. Cooper took into account the magnetic fluxes caused by electron spins in their calculations. In 1961, B.S. Deaver and W.M. Fairbank and independently R. Doll and M. Nebauer measured the quantum of magnetic flux. The result was half that of F. London’s. Since then, it is believed that the magnetic flux quantum is created exclusively by Cooper pairs and that it is half the size of F. London’s quantum. Goal. The aim of the study is to establish the spin magnetic flux of an electron. Materials and methods. The problem is that the generally accepted concept of the electron spin does not allow it to be calculated, which is due to the uncertainty of the electron structure. The task of the work, therefore, is to make additional temporary (working) assumptions. The geometric shape of the electron is unknown. However, it is believed that it is neither a ball nor a sphere. This follows from the formula for its classical radius. The complete uncertainty of the electron shape allows its spin to be consistently represented as an angular momentum formed by a material point with the mass of an electron rotating along a circle of an indefinite radius (arbitrarily small, and its value is of no importance). This approach may have disadvantages, but it also has a significant advantage in the form of the ability to use a readymade formula for the magnetic flux created by the ‘current’ of one electron. Results and discussion. In reality, there is a quantum of F. London, a quantum of magnetic flux caused by the electron spin, and their superposition (quasi-quantum). Conclusion. The spin magnetic flux of an electron has been established. It is the basis of the proper magnetic field in ferromagnetic elements of electrical complexes and systems.
Formation of a system for promoting youth entrepreneurship in the region using artificial intelligence
Introduction. Currently, youth entrepreneurship is considered a key driver of economic growth and innovative development in regions, and digital transformation, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, offers new opportunities for creating an effective youth entrepreneurship ecosystem. Goal. The study aims to develop a concept for promoting youth entrepreneurship in the region, integrating marketing tools and artificial intelligence technologies to overcome key barriers and maximize entrepreneurial activity among young people. Materials and methods. The study is based on a systematic analysis of Russian and foreign experience in promoting youth entrepreneurship, a marketing analysis of the microenvironment, including segmentation of the target audience and a SWOT analysis of the Stavropol Krai, as well as the design of a regional cluster. The study is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a questionnaire to assess the entrepreneurial activity of young people. Results and discussion. The study identified key barriers to youth entrepreneurship, such as a lack of experience, financial resources, and a high level of fear of failure, and identified five key target audience segments with unique needs: schoolchildren, students, graduates, young job applicants, and unemployed young people. Based on the analysis of the target audience, a comprehensive marketing strategy was developed, which includes the integration of AI technologies: an AI chat for consultations, a predictive analytics system for evaluating the viability of business ideas, a personalized learning platform, and intelligent support measures. The study resulted in the design of a model for a regional youth entrepreneurial cluster, in which AI serves as a central element that ensures synergy between ecosystem participants. Conclusion. The conducted research proves that the use of artificial intelligence technologies allows us to move from general support programs to personalized ones, which will significantly increase the effectiveness of the system for promoting youth entrepreneurship in the region. The implementation of the proposed model in the Stavropol Krai will help to reduce the barriers that hinder the development of entrepreneurship among young people, as well as increase the number of successful startups and strengthen the regional economy.
Tools and opportunities for the application of email marketing in modern conditions
Introduction. To date, many marketers have noted the growing popularity of using email newsletters as an auxiliary marketing tool. This choice is related to the spread of information technology and the stabilization of the exploitation of email accounts in recent years, but is controversial due to the misunderstanding of entrepreneurs and the irritation of users who receive a lot of spam. It is important to evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of this market to decide whether companies should invest in email marketing. Goal. To identify and analyze effective tools and opportunities for the application of email marketing in today's environment. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature in the field of email marketing. We analyzed the email marketing market in Russia, forecasted the volume of this market, calculated and compared the marketing indicators of the largest Russian companies that invested in email marketing. Results and discussion. In the course of the work found an active growth of the Russian market of email marketing and the perspective of this direction for companies, low risk level on the use of email newsletters as one of the tools of digital marketing of the organization. The author's recommendations on composing headlines for email newsletters and automating this process with the help of artificial intelligence are also presented. Conclusion. Email newsletters remain an important and promising marketing tool in Russia and promise growth in 2025 due to ease of use and automation through artificial intelligence. The high marketing performance of Yandex, Sberbank and Ozon, which are actively investing in email marketing, confirms the effectiveness of this tool. The introduction of AI technologies further enhances the effectiveness of email campaigns, allowing not only to automate processes, but also to improve the quality of content, making it more relevant and attractive.
Development of the theoretical foundations of Innovation management in an industrial Enterprise
Introduction. At the current stage of economic development and a competitive business environment, the use of scientific achievements and innovations, modern technology and technologies in production is one of the main ways to solve economic, social and environmental problems. The article presents the economic system of interaction of innovation activity with other areas of activity of an industrial enterprise, and the constructed balance ratios show the relationship between a factor-specific, general and two-component economic and mathematical model that allows making managerial decisions and increasing the effectiveness of innovation implementation as a result of their deeper integration into financial and economic activities. Goal. Modernization of the innovation management mechanism of industrial enterprises for integration into a comprehensive financial and economic management system. Materials and methods. In the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modeling, and statistical methods were used to form balance ratios and create a model. The information base of the study is represented by official and analytical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, scientific specialized periodicals, legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, methodological recommendations of federal executive authorities. Results and discussions. The constructed balance sheet ratios allow the company to increase the efficiency of innovation implementation, which take into account the integration of innovation activities into the integrated management system of an industrial enterprise to achieve a synergetic effect in management. Conclusion. To model the integration of innovation activity into an integrated industrial enterprise management system, three types of economic and mathematical models are proposed: factor-specific; general; two-component. As a result of practical implementation in the developed methodology, it is recommended to implement seven stages that allow making managerial decisions related to substantiating the economic feasibility of implementing an innovation based on determining its effectiveness.
Features of digital transformation of management decision-making methods at modern domestic enterprises
Introduction. The integration of digital technologies into management decision-making processes requires a comprehensive approach that combines technological innovation, organizational change, and the development of human capital. Despite the active progress of digitalization, there are significant industry and regional disparities caused by varying levels of digital maturity, technological constraints, and competence gaps. Goal. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the methods of making management decisions, where the features and specifics of their digitalization are identified using formal logic, as well as to develop forecasts and proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of digital transformation of management decisions. Materials and methods. The article uses a systemic and structural analysis of scientific literature and the practical experience of Russian enterprises implementing digitalization processes of management decisions, methods of formal logic that made it possible to clarify modern management tools. Results and discussion. The authors studied and identified industry and regional differences in digitalization processes at Russian enterprises, forming their own models of digital transformation, combining global technological trends with local management practices. The main barriers and limitations of digital transformation were identified and analyzed, and prospects for further development of this area at domestic enterprises were formulated. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, specific solutions to the identified problems and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of digital transformation in management decision-making at Russian enterprises are proposed.
Creative industries as a strategic resource for economic diversification: potential for Tajikistan in the context of global experience
Introduction. In the context of the global transformation of economies based on knowledge and cultural capital, creative industries (CI) are becoming a key driver of growth, diversification, and the creation of high-productivity employment. For the first time in the Tajik context, the barriers to CI development are analyzed: the dominance of traditional (“tangible”) sectors, the undervaluation of culture’s contribution to GDP, weak support infrastructure (finance, education, intellectual property protection, market access), and the absence of relevant statistics. Goal. The study aims to assess the potential of creative industries as a strategic resource for economic diversification in the Republic of Tajikistan based on an analysis of global and regional experience. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of international data (USA, EU countries, Central Asia), a systemic analysis of economic statistics and cultural potential of Tajikistan, as well as the case study method of successful CI development practices. Results and Discussion. The research identifies a significant untapped potential of the cultural capital of Tajikistan for the development of creative industries. Key barriers include institutional underestimation of the sector, lack of relevant statistics, and weak support infrastructure (financial, educational and legal). Drawing on international experience, the study argues that strategic development of CI can become a new driver of economic diversification: reducing dependence on raw material exports and remittances, creating high-productivity employment (especially for youth), stimulating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), exports, tourism, and the formation of a national brand. Conclusion. A set of practical recommendations has been developed for Tajikistan, including institutional recognition of the sector, the creation of a system to measure its contribution, the development of targeted support infrastructure, and the integration of CI into the national development strategy. The study concludes that cultural capital must be reimagined as a strategic resource for future economic growth of Tajikistan. Implementation of the proposed measures will allow cultural capital to be transformed into an economic asset, contributing to the country’s further socio-economic development.
The reference image of an entrepreneur as a conceptual model of their professional growth and development
Introduction. In the context of global changes in the economy and society, the role of the main economic entity – the entrepreneur – requires reassessment, both in terms of entrepreneurship theory and in matters of developing the skills necessary for the successful implementation of entrepreneurial projects. Identifying a successful entrepreneur as a reference point for professional growt h and consistently creating a new product with high added value is an important scientific and applied problem that this article addresses. Goal. The study aims to form a model of a reference entrepreneur and test it empirically. Materials and methods. The study is based on a survey of more than 400 entrepreneurs – members of the public organization of small and medium entrepreneurship Opora Rossii, conducted in 2025. A target sample type was used, formed on the basis of representation of 12 regions of Russia. The author's development of the model of a reference entrepreneur was used, built on the results of the author's consulting work in the analysis of practical cases of entrepreneurs – members of Opora Rossii, as well as the author’s personal long-term entrepreneurial experience. Results and discussion. The analysis of the research results allowed us to classify the types of entrepreneurship, identify the types of political and scientific entrepreneurship, and form a reference model of an entrepreneur consisting of several elements indicating the maturity of the entrepreneur, such as age, length of service in business, number of completed projects, their heterogeneity, participation in public activities and teaching. The article proves the significance of the model elements based on empirical data, conducts a comparative analysis of a traditional and reference entrepreneur, and forms the author's vision of entrepreneurship as a profession. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were made about the need to introduce a reference model of an entrepreneur into the practice of training and developing professional growth programs for entrepreneurs.
Features of the present stage of sustainable development of Russian economy
Introduction. In the context of an unstable external environment, the ongoing sanctions regime, and the transformation of logistics and other business relations, research related to various aspects of the sustainable development of the Russian economy is particularly relevant. Goal. The study intends to identify the key features of the sustainable development of the Russian economy that characterize the current stage of its formation. The object of this study is the Russian economy. The subject of this study is the current stage of the sustainable development of the Russian economy. Materials and methods. The research methods used include content analysis of publications by domestic and foreign authors, the block grouping method, statistical methods, and tabular and graphical methods. The study was based on materials from the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as materials presented on the official website of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the following key features of the sustainable development of the Russian economy were identified. Russia has a regulatory framework for sustainable development, the necessary statistical control and accounting for sustainable development goals, including the goals of sustainable economic growth and employment, at the same time, indicators for the sustainable development of the Russian economy still show unstable dynamics, in addition to the state regulation of the process of sustainable development of the Russian economy acts as macroregulators in this direction: Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs and other associations and unions, the necessary and updated in real time database of effective practices in the field of sustainable development, relevant methodological documents. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that a set of additional measures is needed to ensure positive growth of national sustainable development indicators (strengthening business partnerships, sharing successful experiences in implementing effective sustainable development practices, improving sustainable development reporting, increasing the participation of Russian companies in ratings, etc.). Taken together, these measures should significantly improve the sustainable development of the Russian economy in the long term.
Digital business strategy of the company and its components
Introduction. Technological changes affect enterprise management, forcing a decision on the choice of development strategy. Goal. Identification of the essence of the concept of digital business strategy, justification of the need to transform a functional IT strategy into a digital business strategy for a large-scale digital transformation of the company. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was made up of reports of domestic and foreign experts in the field of business software, innovative digital products, as well as marketers in the IT sphere, who proved the need to adapt business to modern processes of digitalization of society. Results and discussion. It is substantiated that a digital business strategy assumes that an organization formulates and implements its strategy based on digital resources that create added value for it, allow it to compete in the market and form new standards and business models. Conclusion. The study suggests to go beyond traditional thinking on IT strategy, systems and technologies and base the activities of the company on a resource-oriented approach and intangible resources, linking digital strategy with the creation of business value and operational efficiency. It has been proven that a digital business strategy describes the overall vision of a company in the context of digitalization, including strategic measures to achieve it.
Developing a digital marketing strategy (by the example of medical services)
Introduction. An effective marketing strategy for a commercial organization is a prerequisite for stable revenue growth and market share. A clearly formulated strategy allows you to define the target audience, identify its needs and preferences, and select the best communication channels. It not only helps to effectively attract customers, but also increases the loyalty of existing ones. In addition, transparent coverage of services and their benefits will help customers make an informed choice, as well as strengthen long-term relationships with the organization. To date, scientists have conducted a large number of studies in the field of introducing digital marketing into the activities of commercial business structures. At the same time, the field of medical services remains insufficiently studied in terms of its use of digital marketing tools, which determined the choice of the object of this study – the Paracelsus network of medical clinics. Goal. The study aims to develop an approach to the formation of a digital marketing strategy for organizations in the field of medical services. Materials and methods. The work uses literature analysis, survey, content analysis, statistical data processing. Results and discussion. In the process of conducting the study, the features of promoting medical services were identified, a funnel of a digital marketing strategy was proposed, and a sequence of actions for developing an effective digital marketing strategy was developed. Conclusion. The developed approach to forming a strategy can be used to implement marketing activities of the Paracelsus network of medical clinics, and also serve as an example for developing a marketing plan for other organizations in the studied area.
Comparative analysis of operating models of Islamic and Western banks: economic efficiency and ethical aspects
Introduction. The article analyzes the main indicators of operational models, in which key differences in methodology and functioning were identified. The Islamic model of a bank as a financial institution is based on the implementation of Muslim religious precepts, which includes, among other things, a ban on the use of interest in the bank activities, speculation with assets, transactions associated with great uncertainty, a different approach to the distribution of finance, focusing on ethics and fairness. Goal. The study aims to introduce Islamic banking into the traditional banking system with the identification of advantages for the development of the financial system. Materials and methods. The traditional banking model is focused on fixed income, which carries risks only for the party that receives or pays interest income, in contrast to Islamic banking, which uses mechanisms for fair risk distribution in transactions (mudaraba, musharaka, murabaha), which ultimately reduces the risk of speculation and increases the success of projects. Results and discussion. Statistical data, conducted mainly by American and European agencies, as shown in the article, indicate the high stability of Islamic banks in crisis economic conditions: the average return on assets exceeded the indicator of traditional banking. The religious aspect, as shown by the experience of the banking sector in Western countries, plays a secondary role and contributes to the growth of demand for ethical investments. Conclusion. The study confirms that the Islamic model shows an effective redistribution of capital, combining compliance with Islamic law with economic feasibility, and remains involved in global market processes.
Management of urban territories to form eco-friendly urban environment
Introduction. The study examines the issues of management support for an ecologically comfortable urban environment for a person as one of the main directions of the transition to an innovative socially oriented type of economic development. In this regard, the study of the structure of the urban environment and its impact on the quality of life of city residents becomes relevant. At present, cities are the strongholds of socio-economic development, financial and innovation-technological centers with developed infrastructure and human resources. Goal. Analysis of the dynamics and trends of the environmental quality index in the territory of the studied object, trends in financing the program for ensuring environmental comfort and substantiation of not only the socio-ecological, but also the investment significance of improving the quality of this service. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the urban environment quality index (this is an indicator reflecting the level of well-being of residents and taking into account various aspects, including environmental well-being, infrastructure development, accessibility of cultural and educational institutions, living conditions and transport accessibility), as well as the dynamics of financing of regional and municipal programs for the formation of a comfortable urban environment. Results and discussion. The dependence of the level of environmental comfort of the urban environment not only on direct investments in environmental measures, but also on the degree of development of the social sphere of the city, social activity and social ties between people is substantiated. These factors together contribute to the improvement of the psychological and physically tangible comfort of the population, as well as the growth of subjective assessments by residents of the quality of their life. Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the level of environmental comfort in populated areas directly correlates with the index of quality of the urbanized territory and affects the standard and quality of life of citizens. As a result, it is possible to achieve stable and effective development of urbanized populated areas, as well as increase their attractiveness in the eyes of investors.
Features of using an electronic textbook in teaching physics in secondary schools
Introduction. The article is devoted to the use of an electronic textbook in teaching physics, which is becoming increasingly relevant due to the development of digital technologies and the need to adapt the educational process to modern requirements. The issue of using an electronic textbook in schools is being actively investigated by methodologists at the present time. Goal. To determine the features of using an e-textbook in teaching physics in secondary schools. Materials and methods. The study analyzed the structure of an electronic physics textbook. EFU provides a number of advantages for teachers and students, such as the availability of materials at any time and in any place, the ability to adapt educational material to individual needs and the pace of learning, as well as the development of skills in working with digital resources and increasing motivation to learn. The electronic form of the textbook contains a large number of tasks in various formats, which contributes to the formation of functional literacy of students. However, the use of EFU also requires teachers to have certain skills in working with electronic resources and planning lessons taking into account the specifics of the digital environment. It is also necessary to take into account possible technical problems and provide access to the Internet for all students. Using EFU in the classroom can help improve the quality of education, develop information skills, and create a more comfortable and interesting learning environment. However, the successful implementation of EFU in the educational process requires an integrated approach and adaptation of teaching methods to new conditions. Results and discussion. Methodological recommendations have been developed for conducting lessons using electronic textbook materials. The possibility of an electronic textbook in the formation of functional literacy and environmental education of students is analyzed. An extracurricular physics event «Energy of the Future: Lean use and new technologies» with an environmental focus has been compiled. Conclusion. In general, EFUS are a promising and innovative tool in modern education, but in order to fully switch to electronic textbooks, it is necessary to solve problems with access to technology and develop effective teaching methods using them.
Efficiency of independent health-oriented activities among students
Introduction. This article emphasizes the significance of independent health-oriented activities for female students. It examines the impact of physical activity and health practices on overall health, psychological well-being, and academic success among women. Goal. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of independent physical culture and health-oriented activities among girls. Materials and methods. The primary research methods include the analysis of scientific literature related to the problem of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, as well as diagnostic techniques that encompass observation, description, interviews, surveys, and statistical data processing methods. Results and discussion. A comprehensive set of activities aimed at enhancing motivation and, consequently, increasing the effectiveness of independent health-oriented activities among girls has been developed. The study identifies and describes practical methods and techniques that promote active self-organization, strengthen interest, and foster a positive emotional atmosphere for engagement. It is emphasized that the implementation of these proposed activities leads to significant improvements in both the physical condition of participants and their overall psychological resilience, confirming the success of the developed program. Conclusion. The introduction of the developed set of activities focused on enhancing motivation for independent health-oriented activities will contribute to the formation and development of active and healthy personalities among girls. This will create conditions for successful adaptation to the modern educational environment and guarantee their physical and psychological well-being, which, in turn, will increase the overall effectiveness of sports activities.
Competence-based Approach as a Tool for Improving the quality of the Educational Process in Higher Education
Introduction. The article considers the competence approach as an effective tool for improving the quality of the educational process in the higher education system. The theoretical foundations of the approach, the structure and types of competencies, as well as the mechanisms through which the competence model promotes practice-oriented training of students are revealed. Goal. Highlighting the problems and prospects of introducing a competence-based approach into university practice: methodological difficulties, personnel barriers, formalization of programs and a gap with the professional environment, promising areas for the development of a competence-based approach in order to form a competitive graduate capable of effective professional and social implementation. Materials and methods. One of the most promising and actively implemented methods that meet these tasks is competence-based. It focuses the educational process not so much on the transmission of information, but rather on the formation of students' holistic system of knowledge, skills, and personal qualities necessary for successful professional and social realization. Results and discussion. Unlike the traditional approach, which focuses on knowledge transfer, the competence-based approach focuses on the final educational outcomes. Such results include not only knowledge, but also the ability to apply it in real and non-standard situations, the ability to analyze, make decisions, interact in a team, and learn independently. This approach is aimed at developing "readiness for action", rather than just "knowledge about the subject". Conclusion. The prospects for the development of a competence-based approach in higher education are related to the institutionalization of systematic methodological support, digitalization of evaluation of results, increased interaction with the professional community and modernization of educational infrastructure, which will become the basis for a qualitative renewal of the domestic higher education system.
Classification of pedagogical situations in practical training of preschool teachers to-be
Introduction. The social order to improve the status and professionalism of teachers has actualized the problem of significant strengthening of practical training aimed at the performance by students of certain types of work related to solving professional problems. In these conditions, the pedagogical university faces the tasks of activating the practical training of teachers capable of introducing problem-oriented learning into the educational process. In this regard, it is advisable to consider the possibilities of pedagogical situations, the potential of which is currently not fully used. The purpose of the publication is to present a classification of pedagogical situations of students in practical training and the content of their solution in the context of implementing the federal educational program of preschool education (FOP DO). Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the morphological and qualimetric approaches, from the standpoint of which the practical training of students is considered as a flexible system that takes into account the setting of professional tasks for the process of accompanying the child in communication in various types of activities by teachers and parents – to obtain a solution strategy in the context of implementing the FOP DO. The study used a qualimetric approach, which provides for pedagogical expertise using the method of group expert assessments. Results and discussion. The scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the types of pedagogical situations using the method of group expert assessments. As a result, the morphological analysis (F. Zwicky) presented in this work allows not only to determine the algorithm for analyzing and solving types of pedagogical situations, but also sets the parameters for solving professional problems of the future teacher. At the same time, pedagogical situations ensure the development of independent work skills, the acquisition of high-quality professional knowledge, skills, abilities and creative solutions to specific problems, which helps to understand the conditions for implementing the federal educational program of preschool education, in which the future teacher will have to carry out professional and pedagogical activities. Conclusion. The research materials can be used by the administration, university teachers when organizing practical training with the labor market for effective interaction in the conditions of a modern market economy and training future qualified specialists in the context of implementing the federal educational program of preschool education.
The structure of forming a psychological system of professional activities of mining engineers
Introduction. The issues of training engineering personnel and their preparation for professional activities are of priority importance in modern society. To form the psychological system of professional activity of future mining engineers, an approach is needed that is aimed at training specialists who are ready to work in real production conditions with a minimum adaptation period. Goal. The study aims to substantiate the scientific approach and develop the structure of the formation of the psychological system of professional activity of future mining engineers n the basis of the essence and structure of professional activity. Materials and methods. The study used a systematic approach and general theoretical methods of analysis, generalization, and comparison when working with scientific literature. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and the specifics of the professional activities of mining engineers, the author proposes to use the concept of systemogenesis of professional activities as the methodological basis for the study. Results and discussion. Based on the system-genetic approach, a structure has been developed for the formation of the psychological system of professional activity of future mining engineers, which includes the following components: motive, personal meaning of activity, goal, normative methods of activity, activity program, subject activity: subjective and objective conditions of activity, personal qualities of the subject, purposeful actions of the subject, and result. The system-forming factor for the formation of the psychological system of professional activity of future mining engineers is the result, which determines its functioning and development. The result is the final stage and is functionally related to the motive and goal of activity. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the developed structure for the formation of the psychological system of professional activity of future mining engineers can be used as an algorithm for training graduates in engineering specialties. The reliability of the obtained results and the conclusions drawn on their basis is ensured by the logic of the study, the use of complementary methods that are adequate to the purpose of the study, and the confirmation of the results obtained in the process of practical implementation of educational programs in partnership with representatives of industrial enterprises in the educational process of an engineering university.
Various approaches to teaching foreign languages: advantages, disadvantages, the role of a teacher
Introduction. With account of existing variety of methods and approaches to teaching foreign languages, the paper raises the question of the appropriateness and justification for using certain methods (for example, the non-translation method) within the framework of the communicative approach to teaching foreign languages. It also defines the role of a teacher within the framework of individual methods and approaches. Goal. Analysis of existing methods and selection of the most effective ones that meet the requirements of the time and the needs of students. Materials and methods. The article uses such theoretical methods as classification, comparison and analysis of methods of teaching foreign languages. The research materials include the work of researchers in this field, reviews of teachers and students, the author’s own professional observations as well as relevant textbooks. Results and discussion. The effectiveness of individual methods based on the communicative approach directly depends on the correct implementation of a certain communicative task within their framework grounded on the corresponding communicative competence based on a number of fundamental principles of the communicative approach. Such principles also include the rejection of the native language when teaching a foreign language. However, a detailed analysis of such methods, in terms of their justification and effectiveness, shows that learning a foreign language using the non-translation method gives good results for developing oral speech skills, while mastering all aspects of the language system – grammar, vocabulary, phonetics and such types of speech activity as writing and reading – is given insufficient attention within the non-translation method. Conclusion. Thus, some methods of teaching foreign languages (for example, the non-translation method) have a number of serious shortcomings, which are noted by a number of authoritative researchers. The article emphasizes the need for a critical approach to modern methods of teaching foreign languages and the selection of only truly effective, rational and time-tested components of these methods.
The state and prospects of peer-to-peer learning technology for developing critical thinking with the state civil service specialists to-be in the sphere of economy (by the example of tax authorities of Russia)
Introduction. In the modern world of rapidly growing volumes of information exchange and the need for continuous selfdevelopment in the professional sphere, the development of critical (reflective) thinking skills is becoming increasingly important. This skill is enshrined both in the standards of professional education and in various manifestos. The development of employees in the private business sector in modern Russia is given more and more attention in order to improve the performance indicators and increase personal effectiveness according to KPI, while the civil service, until recently, remained strictly regulated by legislative procedural norms and job descriptions introduced at workplaces, based on the level of competencies and thinking components of young specialists already formed at the training stage. Goal. The objective of the research is to determine the state and technologies for the development of the analytical component of critical thinking at all major educational stages in relation to the system of work of young specialists of the state civil service in the field of economics using the example of the tax authorities of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the essence and state of development of individual indicators and manifestations of critical thinking of young economists in the state civil service, taking into account its specific normative and essential purpose in the system of development of modern society and development of the labor market, analysis of the structure of the dynamics of critical thinking components in the process of training future specialists in the specialties required for the state civil service, as well as the results of the implementation of peer-topeer (mutual) training technology in extracurricular classes of final-year students of the university for the purpose of developing the analytical component of their critical thinking. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the level of development of critical thinking within the framework of vocational training, although increasing, remains at an average level, while within the framework of professional activity it practically does not develop further. In addition, it was found that the level of development of critical thinking is heterogeneous and develops disproportionately within the framework of vocational training, since its analytical component remains the least developed. The solution to this problem can be the introduction of elements of peer-to-peer training technology related to the educational process and close to future professional activity.
Author's diagnostics of the formation of multicultural civic qualities of future teachers by means of a foreign language
Introduction. In the modern world, where the processes of globalization and intercultural interaction are becoming increasingly important, new demands are being placed on the teacher. In addition to traditional professional skills, a modern teacher should develop multicultural civic qualities, such as tolerance and openness to intercultural dialogue, the ability to effectively communicate across cultures, respect for cultural diversity, and awareness of civic responsibility in a global context. Learning a foreign language plays a key role in the formation of these qualities, as it goes beyond the simple acquisition of grammar and vocabulary. It involves: getting to know the culture of the countries of the language being studied, a comparative analysis of values and traditions, and the development of intercultural understanding skills. Goal. To present the author's diagnostics of the formation of multicultural civic qualities of future teachers by means of a foreign language. Materials and methods. The study used an integrated approach, including the analysis of the following sources and methods: regulatory framework, scientific and theoretical framework, research methods. Results and discussion. The results of the study convincingly demonstrate the importance of developing multicultural civic qualities among students of pedagogical specialties, and also confirm the effectiveness of using a foreign language as a means of their formation. As part of the work, a set of diagnostic techniques was created, including: questionnaires, case analysis, project activities, game modeling of situations, and an integral "Multicultural Citizenship Index" (IPG). These tools allow us to comprehensively assess: the cognitive component (knowledge about cultures), the emotional and value sphere (attitudes and attitudes), practical skills of intercultural interaction. Data analysis revealed three clearly defined levels of competence formation (basic, advanced, professional). Conclusion. The systematic application of the proposed methods in combination with interactive learning technologies allows us to form a new type of a teacher who is professionally competent, open to intercultural dialogue and aware of his civic responsibility.
Use of educational Internet resources in foreign language teaching (at secondary school and in additional education)
Introduction. The article justifies the didactic expediency of using digital educational materials created with the use of the Internet, namely educational Internet resources, lists students’ skills that can be developed at foreign language classes (communicative, reflective and research skills). A brief description of the methodology for using educational Internet resources and a step-by-step algorithm of recommended actions for teachers is provided. A few examples of tasks on the topic 'Which school to attend,' studied in the 9th grade are given. Goal. The main purpose is to demonstrate the methodological need of educational Internet resources as an alternative learning tool aimed at developing foreign language communicative and sociocultural competences. Materials and methods. To achieve the research goal, methods such as comparative analysis of scientific research results on topical issues of informatization in linguistic education, as well as their systematization and generalization, were used. The methodical experiment, pedagogical observation and final testing were planned and realized to confirm the hypothesis. Tasks for different formats of educational Internet resources were designed according to the work programmes and students’ books. Results and discussion. The author, by analyzing a wide range of scientific research, gives special attention to the implementation of modern information and communications technology in secondary schools and in additional education. Successful testing of teaching materials allowed to draw a conclusion on the benefits of a new method. Pedagogical observation confirmed the initial idea that innovative web-based tasks could lead to the development of necessary competencies and soft skills. Conclusion. Conclusions about the feasibility of educational Internet resources in the context of implementing new technologies are given. It is emphasized that this method allows teachers to create problem and project assignments aimed at the improvement of foreign language communicative competence in unity of its components. It is also effective for enhancing learners’ creativity and motivation.
Pedagogical conditions of political upbringing of military university cadets: results of an empirical research
Introduction. According to the continuous modernization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, there has been a significant increase in attention to the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the educational process in the military educational system. In the context of upbringing a harmoniously developed personality of military university cadets, the political component acquires primary importance, which emphasizes the relevance of political upbringing as a specialized field. Political upbringing of military university cadets, manifested at the level of individual consciousness and behavior as a developed political culture and competence, requires full substantive and organizational support, which is associated with specific pedagogical conditions implemented both within the educational process and in extracurricular activities. Goal. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for political upbringing of military university cadets by identifying positive dynamics of indicators of political culture and competence. Materials and methods. The empirical study suggests testing, semi-structured interviews, situational tests, ranking, individual survey procedures, expert assessment, as well as the «Self-assessment of volitional qualities of personality» and «Questionnaire for identifying the severity of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior» as diagnostic tools for four clusters of indicators. The results were processed using variance analysis. Results and discussion. The study has shown that the implemented pedagogical conditions, concentrated in two areas – educational and extracurricular activities, – determined the positive dynamics of four indicators clusters related to the political culture and political competence of military university cadets – cognitive, personal, value and behavioral. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all indicators related to the results of the formation of political culture and competence, reflecting the effectiveness of the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the political upbringing of military university cadets.
Introduction. The Russian education system is currently at a new stage of its development. The issue of professional training of teaching staff remains one of the burning issues of the modern education system. The article is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the educational process of pedagogical universities in order to improve the quality of teaching staff training. Goal. To identify key problems and prospects for improving the system of teacher training, ensuring the improvement of the quality of teacher education and improving the level of professionalism of education workers. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research was the works of Russian scientists representing various approaches in pedagogy. The research is based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the process of teacher training. Results and discussion. The paper considers various theoretical approaches to the process of teacher training. Modern practical approaches to the formation of teachers' professional competencies are analyzed: an integrative model of professional training of students in the dual system of teacher training (D. A. Korshunov); a new model of industrial practice organization implemented at the Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University (S. V. Krayushkina). The empirical material was the results of a survey of young teachers from the Voronezh, Lipetsk and Rostov regions who worked in the education system from 1 to 3 years. The practical significance of the article lies in the use of the obtained results in the system of higher pedagogical education in order to ensure high-quality professional training of graduates. Conclusion. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that it is necessary to take into account the established theoretical approaches, including the pedagogical heritage of great Russian teachers (K. D. Ushinsky, A. S. Makarenko, V. A. Sukhomlinsky, etc.), when organizing the process of forming professional qualities of a teacher.; to focus on the shift in the training of teaching staff towards practice-oriented learning and to restructure the process of practical training towards increasing production practice, organized in the form of internships with the assignment of teachers-mentors to them.