Newsletter of North-Caucasus Federal University
Peer-reviewed journal "NEWSLETTER OF NORTH-CAUCASUS FEDERAL UNIVERSITY"
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Advanced power line sensor monitoring: correlation analysis of temperature, wind and vibration for early warning of accidents
Introduction. The article discusses a modern method of monitoring power transmission lines (PTL) using Arduino-based sensors. Goal. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an extended sensor set for monitoring overhead power transmission lines (PTL) and identify correlations between meteorological parameters, vibration, and emergency conditions. Materials and methods. Installation of an ESP32/Arduino-compatible module with DS18B20, HC-SR04, SW-420 sensors, and a BME280 barometer on field sites; addition of a wind speed sensor; collection of data in a local database and subsequent correlation / regression analytics; real-time visualization. Results and discussion. The study has established significant correlations between wire temperature, environment, wind, and vibration. It demonstrated the benefits of an extended set of parameters for early warning of emergencies and improved forecasting accuracy. The relevance of the study is due to increase in the reliability of power transmission lines through early detection of risk factors and improving the response efficiency of dispatchers. Conclusion. The article gives a comprehensive analysis of the application of modern technologies for power transmission line monitoring, demonstrating the efficiency and economic feasibility of implementing such systems in the energy sector.
Prospects for using solar power plants to supply power in energy-deficit regions of Southern Siberia
Introduction. Remote and hard-to-reach areas of Southern Siberia (Tuva, Khakassia and Altai) suffer from chronic electricity deficit due to the lack of centralized power supply, forcing the population to rely on expensive diesel generators. Goal. The study aims to substantiate the prospects for using hybrid energy systems based on solar power plants (SPP), taking into account the specifics of winter generation, in particular, the application of technology for utilizing light reflected from snow to increase efficiency during the winter period. Materials and methods. The work uses comparative and cartographic analysis methods. Statistical data on insolation and sunshine duration, snow cover characteristics in the Republic of Tuva, technical and economic indicators of diesel generation, and foreign experience (Norway) in operating SPPs with vertically arranged panels were analyzed. Results and discussion. It has been established that the cost of electricity from diesel generators in remote settlements of Tuva reaches50 RUB/kWh or more. At the same time, the solar energy potential in the southern regions of the republic exceeds 5 kWh/m² per day. It is shown that the use of technology utilizing light reflected from snow cover (albedo up to 96%) can theoretically increase the winter output of SPPs by 30-50%, compensating for the seasonal insolation minimum. It makes hybrid systems (SPP + energy storage) an economically viable alternative. Conclusion. The development of solar energy based on the proposed approach can provide reliable and cheaper (as compared to diesel generation) power supply to energy-deficient regions of Southern Siberia, which can create conditions for socio-economic development of the territories and increase their energy security.
Modeling of a basic four-wire electric network to study the impact of consumers on the level of voltage asymmetry
Introduction. Under conditions of variable and distributed loads, the issues of internal balancing in low-voltage distribution networks cannot be resolved without the use of effective algorithms for identifying distortion sources. Furthermore, networks of this voltage class are typically built based on main feeder schemes. The development and testing of balancing algorithms in such networks is a relevant task. Goal. The study intends to develop a mathematical model of a three-phase main feeder network for studying unbalanced operating conditions and determining the contribution of individual consumers to the voltage unbalance level. Materials and methods. The research is based on classical methods for calculating linear AC circuits. The mathematical model of the radial network implements calculations in phase coordinates, allowing, among other things, the determination of the distortion power value introduced into the network by individual electrical receivers. Results and discussion. A series of computational experiments was carried out aimed at assessing the zero-sequence distortion power. The analysis of results made it possible to identify two main groups of electrical receivers: Distorting Electrical Consumers (DEC) and Correcting Electrical Consumers (CEC). Conclusion. The research revealed that an internal balancing algorithm in radial four-wire networks can be constructed based on the assessment of distortion power, specifically the real component of the zero-sequence power.
Digital Budget: Results of the Implementation of Big Data and AI Technologies in the Budget Process
Introduction. The digital budget concept has become a key element in the transformation of public administration. The introduction of Big Data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies creates new opportunities for enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and quality of the budget process. Goal. The study aims to assess the interim results and prospects for the implementation of Big Data and AI technologies in the budget process of the Russian Federation and to analyze their impact on the key performance indicators of public finance management. Materials and methods. The study employs a systems approach, analyzing legal regulations and reports from the Russian Ministry of Finance, the Federal Treasury, and other agencies. To assess digitalization progress and identify key trends, it utilizes comparative and statistical analysis, synthesis, and information generalization. Results and discussion. The study identified the key phases in the digitalization of budget system in Russia and analyzed the impact of implementing the Electronic Budget system. It reviewed practical cases involving artificial intelligence and Big Data technologies, which have demonstrated significant results: optimized document processing times, increased tax revenues and reduced errors. The conclusion provides an overview of the current integration level of AI technologies across major government agencies. Conclusion. The integration of Big Data and AI into the budget process delivers tangible results, boosting operational efficiency, transparency, and decision-making. Ongoing developments, such as Electronic Budget 2.0 and interagency plans, aim to shift financial management toward predictive analytics.
Study of the Development and Strategic Prospects of Russia-India Trade and Economic Relations
Introduction. Current conditions convincingly illustrate that the increasingly complex foreign policy situation, the presence of local military conflicts and the expected global economic crisis require the search for reliable and mutually beneficial partners for the Russian Federation (RF) not only to counter external pressure, but also for further sustainable development. One of such promising partners of the Russian Federation in economic, political and cultural aspects is the Republic of India (RI). Goal. The study aims to conduct a scientific analysis of the current features and strategic prospects for the development of trade and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of India (RI). Materials and methods. The works of Russian and foreign scholars and analysts dealing with the development of Russian-Indian trade and economic relations served the methodological basis of the study. The methods of monographic research and economic analysis were applied during the study. Results and discussion. It is shown that the strategic autonomy of the Republic of Ingushetia as a leader of the Third World countries is giving way to active development of strategic partnership between India and Russia as two global powers. The nature of coordination of factors of strategic partnership between Russia and India is shown. The analysis of publicly available data reflecting the main aspects of development of foreign economic activity between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Ingushetia is conducted. The factors determining the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and India are considered. Barriers to mutual trade between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Ingushetia are identified. Prospects for development of economic cooperation between Russia and India are considered. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that modern Russian-Indian trade and economic relations have a wide range of areas of mutual cooperation, specifically in six industries and spheres: 1) energy; 2) defense; 3) investments; 4) innovative technologies; 5) infrastructure; 6) education and culture. Conducting further research to study the influence of each of the identified areas of cooperation opens up opportunities for activating and intensifying the development of Russia-India relations.
Assessment of the effectiveness of innovation activities in the manufacturing industry
Introduction. The innovative development of the manufacturing industry makes a significant contribution to the innovation-oriented growth of the Russian industry and the national economy as a whole. The current conditions, which are complicated by economic sanctions and the geopolitical situation, require improving the efficiency of its innovative activities. Goal. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of innovation activities in the manufacturing industry and identify current development trends. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a systematic approach and scientific publications on the evaluation of innovative activities. The information and empirical base were formed by the data of statistical observation on the form № 4 – innovations for 2019-2024. The study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis methods including comparison, systematization, generalization, and visualization of data. Results and discussion. It has been shown that the manufacturing industry continues to develop a positive trend related to the effectiveness of innovation activities and the intensity of costs associated with them. A positive trend has been identified in the main resource and output indicators of innovation activity efficiency, which are determined by the level of technological development in the industry. The highest share in the total volume of innovative products is accounted for by medium-tech industries with a low level of technological development. The high-tech sector holds the leading position in terms of the rate of increase in the volume of innovative products. The indicators reflecting the intensity of costs and the effectiveness of innovation activities in this sector significantly exceed their average level in the manufacturing industry. Conclusion. The article concludes that there is a correlation between the indicators characterizing the effectiveness of innovation activity and the intensity of costs, which demands the development of financial mechanisms for ensuring the development and implementation of innovations and government support measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of innovation activity in manufacturing industries.
Reducing the probability of losses through a systematic approach to risk management
Introduction. Against the backdrop of ongoing changes in the financial and economic environment, growing uncertainty, digital transformation, and globalization, risk management is emerging as a key factor for business resilience and competitiveness. Traditional risk management approaches often prove insufficiently flexible in current turbulent conditions, underscoring the need for a transition towards comprehensive and adaptive systems capable of rapid response to new challenges. Goal. The article aims to develop and substantiate the advantages of using the Dynamic Risk Integration Model (DRIM) in organization risk management system. The banking sector was identified as the main application area for the model, though it demonstrates broad adaptation potential across other economic sectors and management levels. The key objective of the model is to establish an integrated risk management system for financial institutions and real-sector enterprises, improving the precision of strategic risk assessment. Materials and methods. The research was based on a comparative analysis of various risk management techniques and standards, including COSO ERM, ISO 31000, FAIR, System Dynamics, PMBOK, and SCRUM. By integrating the core principles and practices of these methodologies, the DRIM model was developed. It combines quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches, strategic planning, and operational flexibility. Results and discussion. The effectiveness of comprehensive approaches is confirmed by the practices of leading Russian companies. DRIM represents a holistic model incorporating advanced practices from modern risk management standards. The model enables not only the identification and assessment of risks but also the integration of analysis results into the strategic goals of the company. It demonstrates versatility and potential for adaptation to various management levels and industry sectors, including financial services and information technology. Conclusion. DRIM combines modern risk management methodologies, including adaptability, strategic planning, and quantitative analysis. It optimizes the overall system for managing banking risks, enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of banks in an unstable environment. DRIM encompasses methods for identifying, assessing, and managing banking risks, considers qualitative and quantitative aspects, and can be based on the use of machine learning, AI, and big data processing, making the system flexible to changes.
Tools for the creation and development of a tourist and recreational cluster
Introduction. The study offers an attempt to structure the tools for the formation of a tourist and recreational cluster. The urgent need to develop both national economy and individual territories, and to increase their competitiveness at the international level preconditions the relevance of the issue. Currently, under the conditions of sanctions pressure and difficulties in obtaining visas to a number of countries, the demand for domestic tourism has increased, so the regions of the country compete with each other not only for foreign tourists, but also for domestic travelers. The formation of tourist and recreational clusters using modern tools will increase the competitiveness of the regions and accelerate the pace of their economic development. Goal. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize tools for creating and developing a tourism and recreational cluster at the regional level. Materials and methods. The study used such scientific methods as logical analysis, a systematic approach, generalization methods and other. In the course of the study, traditional cluster formation tools were analyzed. Results and discussion. The author focuses on the conditions of the cluster functioning and the tools that ensure each of these conditions. Special emphasis is placed on the fact that a cluster is a voluntary association of companies based on the initiative and interest of business in joint development. The methods of state regulation of the economy contribute to the formation of favorable business environment and an attractive investment climate on a certain territory. The methods of the digital economy make it possible to meet the modern needs of tourists and create an innovative product – a new tourist experience. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it is shown that a wide range of tools can be used to create and develop a tourist and recreational cluster, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the functioning of such a cluster as a whole and each individual company in particular.
PLM environment and digital innovation management in an aircraft manufacturing holding
Introduction. The article examines the PLM environment as a managerial infrastructure for digital innovation in an aircraft manufacturing holding. It is argued that under technological sovereignty, innovation management in civil aircraft manufacturing cannot be limited to project control of R&D budgets and schedules. Goal. The study aims to reveal the PLM environment as an infrastructure for managing digital innovations in an aircraft manufacturing holding and to determine its importance for technological sovereignty of the industry. Materials and methods. The research is carried out as a conceptual and analytical article on the management of high-tech industrial systems. The methodological basis consists of a systematic approach, institutional analysis, innovation management theory, the concept of digital assets and the product lifecycle approach. The results and their discussion. The key object of management becomes the digital product lifecycle, including requirements, configurations, engineering changes, digital models, production data, certification artifacts, and operational feedback. The paper shows that the PLM environment is transformed from an engineering information system into the institutional core of the innovation architecture of a holding, ensuring end-to-end traceability, reuse of engineering knowledge, reduction of duplicated R&D, and integration of participants in aircraft manufacturing cooperation. Based on the international experience of Airbus, Dassault Systèmes, Rolls-Royce, GE Aerospace, and the Russian experience of UAC and Rostec, the article identifies PLM managerial functions in the digital transformation of aircraft manufacturing. Special attention is paid to the relationship between PLM, digital twins, predictive maintenance, generative artificial intelligence, and technological sovereignty. Conclusion. The article concludes that PLM maturity is becoming one of the key factors in the innovation performance of an aircraft manufacturing holding.
Analysis of the relationship between innovation and investment activity in the Stavropol Krai
Introduction. The analysis of innovation and investment activity in the region is a topical issue at this stage of development of the regional economy of Russia. Innovations, as well as investments in them, are quite an effective tool for development in various fields of activity. Innovations are almost equally important for various industries, since they represent the most qualitative step towards expansion and growth. As a result, the issue of the relationship between innovation and investment activities becomes relevant. Goal. The paper aims to search for and analyze the relationship between innovation and investment activities in the Stavropol Krai. Materials and methods of research. To achieve the set goal, the data of the statistical collection of socio-economic indicators, as well as methods of modeling statistical data in the format of a diagram and establishing the relationship between the two indicators were used. Research results and discussion. Having analyzed the indicators of the Stavropol Krai for five years, from 2019 to 2023, of innovative and investment activity, the prerequisites were identified, as well as specific factors of their relationship. In general, the relationship at this stage of the study cannot be called pronounced due to various reasons, for example, due to the relatively low level of innovative and investment activity of the Stavropol Krai compared to other regions of the Russian Federation. However, the activity can be increased due to more investments, especially in the innovation sphere, which will strengthen their relationship. Conclusion. The prerequisites established during the study and analysis of the material allow us to say with confidence that a certain relationship between innovative and investment activity exists. At the same time, the area is promising for further research.
Urban Entrepreneurial Stratum as an Indicator of Political System Resilience: Lessons from Iran for Central Asia
Introduction. Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization and the transformation of economic models, the urban entrepreneurial stratum emerges as a key social actor. Its economic behavior and social sentiments directly reflect the effectiveness of state governance and macroeconomic stability, serving as a critical marker of the socio-political resilience. Goal. The study analyzes the role of the urban entrepreneurial stratum as a structural indicator of political system resilience under conditions of institutional transformation and socio-economic change. Materials and methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach synthesizing Max Weber’s concepts of legitimacy, Karl Polanyi’s «embeddedness» of the market, and Theda Skocpol’s structural theory of revolutions. The empirical basis includes a comparative analysis of Iran’s historical experience, as well as modern socio-economic processes in Central Asian countries, Afghanistan and Iraq. Results and discussion. It is established that the loyalty of entrepreneurs is determined by institutional predictability and the protection of their economic interests, while their discontent signals a crisis in state governance. The Iranian case demonstrates how the restriction of “bazaar” autonomy led to its participation in the 1979 revolution, while subsequent economic monopolization by quasi-state structures provoked the erosion of business loyalty. Analysis of Central Asian countries reveals regional features: dependence on migration flows and informal networks reduces the likelihood of political mobilization by redirecting social pressure abroad, yet makes entrepreneurs a sensitive indicator of institutional maturity. Conclusion. The urban entrepreneurial stratum serves as a universal barometer of state governance quality. For Central Asian states, maintaining a balance between state control and the economic autonomy of business is a key condition for long-term stability and the successful modernization of political systems.
Rationale for the priority of a cyclic approach to asset management in a regional corporation
Introduction. Classical methods of corporate asset management overlook the impact of external environmental uncertainty. Under the influence of macro- and mesofactors, corporations, especially at the regional level, that have not timely restructured their asset management system, inevitably face increasing financial threats and lose their market positions, which proves the relevance of the transition to a cyclical model of corporate asset management. The object of the study is the process of managing the assets of a small regional corporation, the subject is economic and financial relations in the formation and implementation of this strategy. Goal. The study develops and substantiates a cyclical model for managing corporate assets. Materials and methods. The methodology includes analysis (comparative, vertical, horizontal), synthesis, induction, deduction, method of financial ratios and. Results and discussion. The priority of the cyclical strategy of corporate asset management is substantiated according to the dynamism criterion, special fundamental principles of its formation are introduced, the implementation of which allows for a timely adaptation of the composition, structure of assets, and sources of their financing to changing macroeconomic conditions, ensuring financial stability and reducing vulnerability to external shocks. Conclusion. The inconsistency of traditional asset management models is proven. The importance of implementing the principle of financial flexibility for small regional corporations is highlighted: maintaining sufficient liquidity and diversifying funding sources reduces vulnerability to macroeconomic shocks. According to the authors, managing corporate assets across economic cycle phases is a holistic strategic financial management paradigm that requires a shift from a reactive, static approach to proactive, dynamic management of balance sheet composition and structure. The practical significance lies in reducing the likelihood of excessive asset growth by limiting unjustified expansion during the growth phase, ensuring the maintenance of equilibrium.
Automation of personnel management processes in domestic organizations in line with import substitution and digital transformation
Introduction. Along with digital transformation driven by geopolitical challenges and the need for import substitution, personnel management processes undergo fundamental changes that necessitate a shift to domestic information systems to ensure technological sovereignty and enhance the efficiency of HR operations. The relevance of the topic is determined by the growing influence of digitalization on HR processes, where automation enables the optimization of routine tasks such as recruitment, employee accounting, and motivation, thereby minimizing dependence on imported platforms and adapting to the regulatory requirements of national information security. Goal. The study aims to identify the problems and prospects of automating personnel management processes in the context of import substitution and digital transformation, with an emphasis on evaluating the potential of domestic systems to increase return on investment and reduce operational risks, which contributes to the strategic development of personnel potential of the organization amid contemporary challenges. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis and modeling of implementation scenarios with the calculation of key performance indicators; methods of content analysis of existing theoretical approaches to assessing the level of automation of personnel management processes in domestic organizations were applied, taking into account the requirements of regulatory acts to evaluate compliance with import substitution standards. Results and discussion. The research yielded results demonstrating that HR process automation under import substitution conditions can increase personnel management efficiency by 20–30% through the adoption of domestic solutions such as 1C-HR, Directum HRM, and Skillaz, which cover up to 70% of standard HR tasks, including payroll calculation, talent management, and personnel analytics. Additionally, the analysis revealed growth potential in the areas of training and HR analytics, where domestic systems like LMS based on iSpring and Power BI integrated with Yandex DataLens show an annual implementation increase of 7.7%. However, import substitution conditions present challenges related to solution fragmentation, necessitating unified approaches to minimize compliance risks. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that import substitution combined with digital transformation provides significant growth potential for HR process automation in training and analytics segments, contributing to increased employee satisfaction and reduced staff turnover.
Artificial intelligence and sustainable development: the analysis of contradictions between technological progress and the ESG agenda in the global economy
Introduction. The current stage of technological development is characterized by a rapid increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), which inevitably leads to a significant increase in energy and resource consumption, primarily due to the expansion of data center infrastructure. As major technology companies claim to achieve carbon neutrality while simultaneously increasing energy consumption for training and operating AI models, there is a growing crisis of investor and regulatory trust. For Russia, this issue holds significant scientific and practical importance. Goal. The study aims to identify and analyze the contradictions between technological progress driven by the development of artificial intelligence and the principles of the ESG agenda in the context of sustainable development of the global economy, with a focus on the regional characteristics of the United States, Russia and African countries. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign economists in the field of ESG, official reports on sustainable development, using data from rating agencies, as well as analytical materials from international organizations. The study relied on a combination of general scientific and special methods of analysis. Results and discussion. The study found that the growth rate of AI infrastructure energy consumption is twice as high as the average growth rate of the economy, which creates a fundamental contradiction with the principles of ESG, which are environmental, social, and governance standards for sustainable development. In the long term, resolving the ESG dilemma of AI will require a comprehensive strategy that combines technological, governance, and social measures. Conclusion. The analysis of the confrontation between ESG principles and the development of artificial intelligence demonstrates a deep structural contradiction between technological progress and environmental sustainability. Regional differences highlight the need for a differentiated approach to overcome this contradiction. In the United States, legal and market mechanisms for regulation are already being established, while in Africa, a balance between technological sovereignty and resource constraints is being sought, and in Russia, the focus is on the energy base for digitalization.
Integration of ESG-factors into insurance business
Introduction. The relevance of the research is due to growing attention to issues of environmental sustainability, social responsibility and high-quality corporate governance in the modern economy. Insurance companies face the need to take into account external risk factors related to climate change, demographic shifts, technological progress and increasing social inequality. The use of ESG factoring makes it possible to ensure the adaptability of insurance products and services to new conditions, increase the sustainability of business models and reduce the likelihood of unforeseen losses. The introduction of ESG practices is becoming a prerequisite for successful functioning of insurance companies in a dynamically changing environment, ensuring their competitiveness and financial stability. Goal. The study aims to analyze the role of factors (ESG) on the activities of insurance companies and identify effective mechanisms for their integration into strategy and risk management in order to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of the insurance business in modern conditions. Materials and methods. The methodological framework of the research is represented by the integration of quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches. The research is based on an extensive array of statistical reports from insurance companies, regulatory documents, publications from scientific journals, and specialized reports from international rating agencies. The use of an interdisciplinary approach ensures the objectivity of the conclusions and the completeness of the presentation of research results. Results and discussion. A comprehensive analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of implementation of ESG principles and the financial performance of Russian insurance companies. The developed regression model demonstrated a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0,787), which confirms the economic feasibility of allocating capital to ESG initiatives of the insurance sector. An analysis of the five largest insurance companies allowed us to identify different levels of ESG maturity and establish a pattern: companies with high indicators of environmental friendliness, social responsibility and corporate governance show higher financial performance compared to competitors. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the implementation of ESG principles is a significant factor determining the competitive advantages and financial stability of Russian insurance companies. The developed diagnostic tools make it possible to quantify the effectiveness of ESG transformation and identify opportunities for improving sustainable development strategies. The practical value of the study lies in the formation of sound recommendations for insurance companies to minimize ESG risks and for regulatory authorities to establish disclosure requirements. It is advisable to focus further research on studying the features of ESG transformation in various segments of the insurance market and building models for predicting the long-term impact of the principles of sustainable development on the financial results of insurance operations.
Approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional science fund
Introduction. Against the backdrop of digital transformation, driven by the accelerated development of technology and increased regional competition, the need for tools to support scientific research is increasing. Regional scientific foundations are becoming relevant elements of the innovation ecosystem., There are no unified approaches to assessing their effectiveness, which complicates the development of management decisions. The article analyzes the approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional scientific foundations as key institutions of innovative development. Based on the study of the regulatory framework and scientific publications, the role of foundations in the implementation of scientific and technological policy objectives is considered. An author’s system of quantitative indicators is proposed to assess the effectiveness of regional funds, including data on publications, intellectual property results, funding volumes, co-financing, personnel and expert resources. The methodology was tested using the example of the Kuban Science Foundation and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Science Foundation, which made it possible to identify differences in their effectiveness and confirm the need for normalization of indicators for correct interregional comparisons. Goal. The study focuses on identification of problems and prospects for evaluating the activities of regional scientific foundations and the formation of a measurable system of indicators based on open data. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory documents, scientific literature, and statistical data from foundations and Rosstat. The methods of comparative and quantitative analysis were used. Results and discussion. In the course of the work, it was found that the existing methods for evaluating NPOs do not reflect the peculiarities of scientific funds. The proposed system of indicators demonstrated its applicability by the example of two funds, revealing differences in publication activity, co-financing volumes, the number of RIDS and expert involvement. It is shown that absolute values require normalization due to differences in regional scientific systems. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that a comprehensive and standardized system of indicators allows an objective assessment of the activities of regional scientific foundations and identify areas for improving their effectiveness including the standardization of reporting and the formation of a unified methodological framework.
Implementation of Blockchain technology in the taxation system
Introduction. Special attention is paid to both the advantages and disadvantages, limitations of the technology in order to ensure efficient and fair taxation in the digital economy. Goal. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing Blockchain technology in the taxation system. Materials and methods. Various expert opinions on the implementation of a blockchain solution to streamline tax collection are analyzed. The study uses various methods, including analysis, comparative legal, as well as forecasting and modeling methods due to the increase in the influence of factors associated with digitalization and globalization in the tax system. Results and discussion. The article examines the innovations being introduced into the taxation system in other countries. The article may be of interest to a wide range of readers who are interested in opening up new opportunities for the economy through the use of advanced knowledge and technologies in the context of digital transformation. Primarily these are specialists in the field of finance and economics. Conclusion. Currently, the effective and progressive functioning of the tax system is impossible without the use of Blockchain technology.
Assessment of financial results of university campuses in the Russian Federation
Introduction. In the context of implementing national goals and objectives for the development of higher education in Russia, there is need to monitor and analyze new projects for the creation of new-type campuses. In this regard, the article presents the results of assessing the performance indicators of campuses. Goal. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the creation and operation of university campuses in Russia. To achieve this goal, the article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of analyzing the performance indicators of campuses: the value of property; the cost of equipping classrooms; the total cost of staffing research classrooms; revenue from services in higher education; and subsidies for fulfilling government assignments. Materials and methods. Diagnostics and construction of time series were used to compare financial results by year and to substantiate the effectiveness of government investments in university campus projects. The coefficient analysis used in the article helped to substantiate the effectiveness of creating university infrastructure in order to increase the profitability of assets. Results and discussion. The presented analysis of income, expenses and other financial results of campus activities in the cities of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and the Murmansk agglomeration confirms the need for further development of education on a regional scale. Conclusion. The study resulted in conclusions about the economic feasibility of conducting a comprehensive assessment of indicators that determine socio-economic and budgetary efficiency, taking into account the dynamics of revenues of higher education institutions and the return on investment in projects for the creation and development of campuses in Russia.
Modern paradigms of innovation potential research: macro-regional aspect
Introduction. The article studies the innovative potential of the macro-region as a key factor of sustainable socio-economic development in the context of modern geopolitical and economic challenges. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to achieve technological sovereignty, reduce import dependence and increase the competitiveness of territories under sanctions pressure. It is emphasized that high differentiation of climatic, logistical and socio-economic characteristics of Russian regions precludes the application of universal solutions and requires consideration of the unique features of macro-regions. Goal. The article aims to systematize the existing scientific approaches to defining the concept of innovation potential, identify their advantages and limitations applicable to the macro-regional level, and formulate the authors’ definition that integrates resource, process and adaptation components. Materials and methods. The methodological basis comprises works of leading Russian and foreign economists in the field of innovation development and regional economy. The methods of theoretical-methodological, comparative and conceptual analysis were applied. Results and discussion. The study identifies four key approaches to interpreting innovation potential: the resource, the inclination, the process-result and the generalized ones. Based on critical synthesis, the authors’ definition of macro-regional innovation potential is proposed. It considers not only the totality of available and mobilized resources but also the system’s readiness for innovative transformations under the influence of the external environment. Conclusion. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the systematization of scientific views on the structure of innovation potential. The practical value is determined by the possibility of using the results to improve regional innovation policy aimed at creating a synergistic effect from interregional interaction.
Analysis of the effectiveness of folk means of physical education in developing physical qualities of female students of a pedagogical university
Introduction. The article analyzes the impact of traditional physical education methods on physical skills development in female students at a pedagogical university. The use of traditional physical education methods in the educational process contributes to the development of personal qualities, particularly determination and willpower, demonstrating the comprehensive educational potential of play-based methods in physical education. Goal. The study aims to improve the effectiveness of female students' physical fitness in general physical training classes using traditional physical education methods. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed and applied folk games of the ethnic groups of the Stavropol Krai in the educational process. The study extensively analyzed scientific and methodologicаl literаture to apply folk games of the ethnic groups of the Stavropol Krai in the educational process. The data obtained during the control tests were mathematically processed. A theoretical summary allowed the authors to evaluate the study and present the results in a tabular format. Results and discussion. A study conducted at a pedagogical university confirmed the effectiveness of traditional physical education methods in developing the physical fitness of female students. It was found that traditional physical education methods offer a wide range of physical fitness and educational benefits, positively impacting the development of physical fitness. The experimental results confirm statistically significant improvements in control test scores and also indicate the development of a positive attitude toward the lessons. Conclusion. We presented traditional physical education methods for developing the physical qualities of ethnic groups in the Stavropol Krai. The results of the educational experiment demonstrated the positive impact of traditional physical education methods in classrooms. A comparison of the experimental and control group results for the control tests presented in the tables shows that significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the experimental and control group scores after the experiment.
The structure of the model for step-by-step formation of professional competencies of engineers to-be in industrial environment
Introduction. The global trend of development and renewal of means of production and production relations happens every five to seven years. It promptis a review of the content of engineering education and adjustments to educational technologies, as they do not keep up with the pace of production. The possibility of university graduates’ employment in the labor market and their prospects for further professional growth directly depend on the quality of their education and the competencies they acquire during their studies. The acquisition of professional competencies by future mining engineers is most effective through practice-oriented learning, where students gradually and consistently accumulate professional skills and knowledge as they become familiar with the technical and technological aspects of engineering work in production. Goal. The study aims to describe the author’s model of step-by-step formation of professional competencies for engineers to-be in the context of existing production by the example of mining engineers. Materials and methods. To achieve the set goal, the study used the methods of analysis of modern training of mining engineers; the method of systematization of scientific sources on the training of engineering personnel and the main approaches to the analysis of the structure of professional activity; the system-structural method – in order to identify the components and connections that ensure the logic of their interaction; the method of observation of the implementation of the model of step-by-step formation of professional competencies in the production environment. Results and discussion. Establishing and developing direct interaction with specialized industrial enterprises is of great importance, as it allows for the organization of practice-oriented training that involves immersing students in the real production environment and familiarizing them with the future professional activities of a mining engineer during their practical training. An example of the application of the author’s methodology for building competencies during students’ practical training at full-time positions at a specialized enterprise in the format of temporary performance of employee roles shows the real opportunities for students to become familiar with all types of mining engineer’s activities: professional, physical, and psychological. Conclusion. The implementation of these approaches contributes to the preparation of a graduate who can meet the requirements of an employer upon employment: possess the necessary professional competencies and effectively integrate into the system of production relations with minimal adaptation period, ensuring successful socialization in the workplace
Possibilities of a systemic approach to ethnocultural identity formation (theoretical analysis)
Introduction. A systemic approach provides for the consideration of an individual as a dynamic psychological system and a holistic entity, the analysis of factors which significantly influence the formation of personal qualities, the unity of the substantive and procedural aspects of the pedagogical process. It fosters the development of effective strategies and methods of pedagogical influence aimed at ethnocultural identity formation. Goal. The author substantiated the feasibility of using a systems approach to studying the problem of the formation of ethnocultural identity (by the example of a military university). Materials and methods. The study is based on literature review: the systemic approach is considered as amethodological approach in science, the main objective of which is to develop methods for studying and constructing complex objects. Interdisciplinary relationships (i.e., signs of systematicity) as a methodological condition of knowledge were established by M. Lomonosov, V. Vernadsky and others. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it presents the analysis of the systematic approach from the perspective of philosophy, sociology, psychology, and pedagogy, and identifies promising areas for studying the problem of ethnocultural identity formation in a military university. The practical significance of the work is in the possibility of applying the recommendations of the study in the process of forming ethnocultural identity in a military university. Results and discussion. The article substantiates the expediency of applying a systematic approach in studying the problem of ethnocultural identity formation in a military university. Conclusion. The study of a systemic approach possibilities to the ethnocultural identity formation helps to identify and take into account different factors influencing the formation of ethnocultural identity, such as cultural characteristics, socio-political, socio-economic and socio-cultural context, features of personal development and pedagogical influence, identification of multifaceted connections of this process and their reduction into a single theoretical view.
Artificial and natural intelligence in education: is consensus possible?
Introduction. Along with rapid technological development and the growing role of artificial intelligence, the issue of the appropri ateness of its use in education becomes particularly relevant. The main issue that scientists and practitioners are trying to resolve concerns the optimal boundaries of the relationship between natural and artificial intelligence, the extent to which the use of neural networks for educational purposes is justified, and whether information progress will become a regress for learners. Goal. The article aims to study the potential capabilities of humans in their relationship with artificial intelligence and to identify the specific features of their interaction within the educational process. Materials and methods. The study employs system-activity, sociocultural, cognitive-behavioral, personal, and synergetic approaches, as well as the monographic method, analysis of scientific literature and regulatory legal documents, generalization, systematization, and abstraction. Results and discussion. The transformational processes in the structural and systemic organization of natural intelligence serve as the starting point for technological innovations, creating a competitive dynamic between it and artificial intelligence. Humans are capable of thinking in ways similar to neural networks, but unlike the latter, they lack speed and power. The disadvantages of using artificial intelligence in the educational process are not offset by its advantages. Furthermore, the issue of insufficient development of regulatory legal acts concerning the operation and limits of artificial intelligence, as well as ethical norms for its application in education, remains relevant. Conclusion. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the field of education is undergoing a stage of structural and semantic transformation. Educators, teachers, mentors, and learners are being assisted by neural networks, pre-trained transformers, and chatbots with generative artificial intelligence. The latter is becoming a direct competitor to natural intelligence and a potential threat to humans; however, its reasonable and safe application frees individuals from the routine search and processing of information, accelerates the process of data collection, and helps in reproducing and transforming data.
A pedagogical strategy for building psychological resilience in student sportswomen
Introduction. Rapid changes in the domestic sphere of higher physical education are associated with various stressful situations within the organizational-content and educational-upbringing processes, the negative effects of which require students to possess an increased level of psychological resilience. The absence of specially designed programs, methods, and technologies, adapted to the conditions and specifics of professional training, only complicates the process of adaptation in learning and success, including in their future profession. The article examines the experience of assessing, developing a psychological resilience map, and implementing a methodology for enhancing the psychological resilience of female student-athletes (by the example of a women’s volleyball team). Goal. The article aims to study the rationale for the efficacy of the designed methodology aimed at cultivating personal psychological resilience and resilience in team interactions among female student-athletes, utilizing modern means, methods, and pedagogical technologies within specialized and supplementary educational frameworks. Materials and methods. The research is grounded in an analysis of specialized pedagogical and psychological literature and the results of a conducted formative psycho-pedagogical assessment of female students. These elements enabled the development and will facilitate the implementation, in 2025, of author’s methodology for fostering psychological resilience in female student-athletes. The methodology will be introduced into the system of professional specialized training for physical culture personnel and the training process of the university women’s volleyball team. Results and discussion. Primary testing results confirmed the assumption of a low level of psychological resilience among female students. A psychological resilience map for female studentathletes was developed, consisting of personal, emotional, cognitive, and social blocks, which formed the basis of a methodology and technology for enhancing psychological resilience, taking into account the specific roles (amplua) of female student-athletes. The methodology for developing psychological resilience in female student-athletes has been implemented into the educational and training process. The implementation results indicate a significant decrease in anxiety levels and an increase in self-esteem, emotional and mental stability, and communication skills among female studentathletes. Conclusion. The research has proven the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical approach for fostering psychological resilience in female student-athletes. The findings demonstrate its high pedagogical potential.
The peculiarities of practice-oriented training of pedagogy students
Introduction. In current rapidly changing conditions, education is faced with the need to train specialists who are able to apply theoretical knowledge in practical activities. Employers value not only knowledge, but also the ability to solve specific professional tasks, adapt to changing conditions, and use modern technology. Practical training helps to form competencies that affect the competitiveness of graduates of pedagogical universities. Goal. The study analyzes the features of practice-oriented teaching of students of pedagogical specialties in order to determine its importance for preparing to solve real life pedagogical problems in conditions as close as possible to professional activity. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of vocational education; competence-based, practice-oriented and personal-activity approaches. The research was conducted using theoretical methods, among which the main were literature review, comparison, systematization of material and analytics. In the practical part, pedagogical experiment, observation and a questionnaire were used. The total number of subjects was 112. Those were first- and second-year students who major in 44.03.05 Pedagogical education. Results and discussion. The results were evaluated based on a survey, expert assessments, and observation. The identified effective methods, technologies, and teaching tools ensure high-quality organization of the educational process. Conclusion. It is concluded that the specificity of practice-oriented student learning lies in the shift of emphasis from theoretical knowledge transfer to the formation of real professional experience through the direct solution of practical tasks. Theoretical knowledge is the basis, but the main part of the training is based on their application. Students do not just assimilate information, but learn to use it in professional cases.
Development of intercultural competence in training information technology specialists
Introduction. Society demand for IT specialists who can work in teams through their mastery of cross-functional skills underscores the relevance of the study. Engineers with intercultural communication skills adapt flexibly to changes in a multicultural environment. Goal. The study aims to examine ways to develop intercultural communication skills in future IT professionals through the study of a foreign language. Materials and methods. This study analyzed and summarized sources on the development of intercultural competence in future professionals, fostering them to understand the importance of studying the Foreign Language course as part of their professional training. To assess the level of intercultural competence, the following models were used: the self-diagnosis method, the Intercultural Sensitivity Inventory (ICSI), the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) questionnaires, and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Intercultural Competence (BASIC) model. The hypothesis is that professionals with intercultural communication skills will work effectively in cross-functional teams and change different projects and roles. Results and discussion. The authors substantiate the effectiveness of developing intercultural competence in IT specialists to-be when studying the humanities. The importance of studying the Foreign language course in the framework of professional training of specialists in the field of information technology is described. The analysis of the empirical data is presented: the results of experiential learning on completion of Foreign Language course by second-year students in the Bachelor program 27.03.04 Management in Technical Systems of Sevastopol State University , analyzed statistical data from the practical implementation of methods for assessing respondents’ levels of intercultural communication skills. Conclusion. The authors emphasize that intercultural communication skills ensure flexibility and mobility of a technical specialist in a multicultural environment.
The formation of non-linguistic undergraduate students’ professional selfdetermination in English classes
Introduction. The article examines the development of non-linguistic undergraduate students’ professional self-determination during the educational process. Goal. The study aims to determine the educational process facilities of enhancing students’ professional selfdetermination and to identify the factors of its formation during English classes. Materials and Methods. The goal was achieved by using theoretical research methods (comparison, systematization, and generalization of information to identify connections and draw conclusions that reveal the “students’ professional self-determination” essence) and practical methods (student surveys and observation). Results and discussion. Taking into account the students’ social functions, the authors define “students’ professional self-determination” as a process of developing a value-based attitude toward a chosen profession through students’ active search for their place in society and life. The study highlights the following factors of shaping non-linguistic undergraduate students’ professional self-determination in English classes: the creation of comfortable environment in class by teachers; the use of interactive teaching methods; the activation of students’ self-knowledge through reflection practices; and the appeal to students’ emotions. Students’ attitude toward their future professions was identified in English classes and analyzed. Conclusion. Overall, although it is difficult to interpret the research results definitively, developing students’ professional self-determination during English classes is possible provided the course’s integrative focus and implementation of the identified factors.
Implementation of the national strategy for artificial intelligence development: forming new professional competencies for teachers of russian as a foreign language
Introduction. The article explores the issues of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into teaching Russian as a Foreign Language (RFL) within the framework of implementing the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation. The relevance is determined by the need to adapt the methodological tools of RFL teaching to the technological challenges outlined in strategic documents and the lack of a scientifically based model for applying AI technologies that aligns with the targets of the state strategy. Goal. The aim of the research is to develop and theoretically substantiate a multi-level system for using artificial intelligence technologies in teaching RFL, integrating the didactic potential of AI into existing educational programs. Materials and methods. The primary research material was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 10, 2019, No. 490 “On the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation”. The study employed methods of content analysis, design, and comparative analysis. Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of the AI Development Strategy: the provisions of the document were specified in relation to the field of RFL; the need to modernize the professional competence of teachers of Russian as a foreign language, as well as graduates of specialized educational institutions, was identified; a structure for a professional development program for RFL teachers was proposed, including methodological, practice-oriented, and analytical-project modules. Conclusion. The implementation of the proposed model creates a foundation for the qualitative transformation of the educational process in the field of RFL in accordance with the strategic guidelines for AI development in Russia and contributes to the formation of new professional competencies for teachers.
Adapted mentoring concepts in a preschool educational organization
Introduction. When implementing mentoring in a preschool educational institution, it is crucial to create a system of effective support for the professional development of young and aspiring teachers, tailored to the needs and context of the specific institution. Currently, both internationally and domestically, there are numerous different forms and tools of mentoring aimed at promoting effective interaction between all participants in the preschool educational environment. Goal. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of mentoring in the process of applying various approaches in a preschool educational organization. Materials and methods. Taxonomic models of mentoring taking into account the approaches of acmeology, personification and assertiveness, statistical data from surveys using Google forms, the method of expert opinion and critical thinking. Results and discussion. Determining the affiliation of preschool educational organization managers with a specific management style based on the presented parametric models: personalized, assertive, and acmeological approaches in behavioral models, taking into account the individual qualities of the individual, where the concentration of the management potential of mentors occurs. Conclusion. The use of various models in the management practice of a preschool educational organization will facilitate effective interaction and the establishment of fruitful contacts for all participants in the educational process, including mentors and mentee-teachers.
Some features of training the course on metal framework and welding in line with sustainable development goals
Introduction. Along with transition to distance learning due to objective factors, prompt organization of a comprehensive educational process focused on students’ needs and abilities of is necessary. Finding optimal solutions is especially important both for the instructor and for the higher educational institution, and on a national and global scale – for sustainable development in the context of achieving educational goals. Goal. The study aims to determine the productivity of studying the Metal Framework and Welding course using the distance learning systems Sakai and Microsoft Teams by students that major in the construction field. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of the characteristics of distance learning for construction students, with the possibility of conducting surveys that facilitate a detailed investigation of the issues. Results and Discussion. The study revealed difficulties encountered by students when studying the course in a distance learning format. The most common challenges identified were the lack of contact or live communication with the instructor, difficulties in understanding the characteristics of calculation formulas used in solving problems and completing assignments without face-to-face meetings with the instructor. To address the identified issues, combined solutions have been proposed, including holding additional videoconferences for detailed explanations of theoretical and practical material, as well as organizing prompt individual and group consultations via videoconferences, thereby utilizing the capabilities of distance learning systems. Conclusion. Based on the conducted study, a positive trend has been observed in students’ perception of the distance learning format. Distance learning has expanded access to any information and fostered the development of students’ creative abilities considering their individual characteristics, which allows concluding the advisability of recommending distance learning using the Microsoft Teams program and the Sakai portal.
Stochastic models and methods in mathematical training of technical course students of secondary vocational education
Introduction. Under conditions of digital transformation driven by the development of modern technologies and the increasing role of big data processing, the mathematical training of students in secondary vocational technical fields requires the use of innovative approaches. Particular attention is paid to stochastic models and methods that enable a better understanding and consideration of randomness and uncertainty in technical systems. Goal. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges and prospects for applying stochastic models and methods in the math ematical training of students in secondary vocational technical educational institutions. The materials and methods of the study are based on the analysis of modern teaching practices, curricula, and methodological complexes, as well as a comparative study of the theoretical foundations of stochastics and its applications in technical education. This article reveals the importance of stochastic models in the mathematical training of students in secondary vocational technical fields and substantiates the need to integrate probability theory, mathematical statistics, and digital tools into the learning process. Stochastic models and methods, which are in demand in engineering, are presented, and detailed examples of step-by-step solutions to three types of typical predictive problems using Python, Excel, Mathcad, and simulation modeling are provided. Results and discussion. The study found that the introduction of stochastic elements helps students develop a deeper understanding of probabilistic processes, data analysis skills, and decision-making skills under uncertainty. These methods enhance the practical relevance of learning and prepare students to solve real-world professional problems. Key challenges related to adapting educational materials and the need for advanced training for faculty were also identified. Conclusion. The study concludes that integrating stochastic models and methods into the mathematical curriculum of technical students in secondary vocational education is a promising approach that can improve the quality of professional education and help graduates successfully adapt to the current environment.