Assessment of the feasibility of using photovoltaic installations requires calculation of the amount of solar radiation arriving on inclined surfaces. The paper presents the calculation of the insolation for the territory of the Kaliningrad region. Based on the research results, an automatic calculation program was developed, which was used to calculate the incoming insolation for various methods of photovoltaic panels installation. The efficiency assessment of the solar tracking systems application on the territory of the Kaliningrad region is presented. A prototype of a heliotracker was developed, which differs from the known ones by its simplicity of design and the minimum required functionality, which positively affects the cost of the solution.

The aim of this work is to assess the influence of a cascade of transformers and shunt reactors on the reactive power in the network at a symmetrical load. It has been established that any phase is a source of reactive power for the other two phases. Conversely, any two phases are the source of the third phase reactive power. Thus, with a symmetrical load, self-compensation of reactive power occurs. A cascade of transformers is represented by their simplified equivalent circuits (excluding scattering). If the transformers are identical, then the reactive powerflow from the load is divided between them into equal parts. Therefore, the reactive power flow in the outer section is three times less than in the inner section. In accordance with this, in a real network, with an increase in the number of transformer substations and shunt reactors, the reactive power flow significantly decreases with distance from the load.

Modern science and practice have proven the high economic efficiency of integration projects due to their synergistic effect and the implementation of intersubject connections at a qualitatively new level. However, the lack of clearly spelled out regulations on social responsibility, created by the holdings, often creates social tension in society in the territories of their activities. The article presents the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the integration modeling of territorial management: a classification of models is developed, their historical experience is considered, the main problems are identified and the directions of implementation are substantiated in relation to the North Caucasian Federal District.

The purpose of this article is to study the specifics of the development of modern education as an integral part of digitalization. The article presents a comparative analysis of the number of specialists in secondary and higher qualifications in ICT and the demand for master's and undergraduate programs and specialties, noted that there was a serious problem in scientific capacity and building human resources in the quality of the academic staff, if the trend continues in the future, we will incur huge losses in high-tech sectors, manufacturing and science in General. The role of mutual influence of education, science and the state is defined. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the key driver influencing the development of the regulatory environment is the sphere of education and science, which requires state support and, in turn, the state creates a favorable environment by consuming a digital product. Analyzing the structure of the digital economy as a sphere of human activity to meet human demandfor various goods, including education, the author suggests considering the digital economy as one of the elements of the economy that are part of its infrastructure.

Money laundering is a worldwide phenomenon with global social, political and economic consequences. The existence of illegal flows generates economic transformations, such as the indiscriminate use of resources, reduced investment in the economy, a weakening of the banking sector, and increased corruption. Therefore, it is very important for the state to know the scale and consequences of money laundering for the economy, as well as to understand what needs to be done to combat this phenomenon. Currently, financial and credit institutions really care about compliance with the requirements of anti-money laundering legislation in order to prevent harsh sanctions from the regulator and loss of reputation. And the Government, in turn, must clearly monitor the economic and financial flows, both within the country and going abroad, so that the country's economy does not turn into a «laundry» of a global scale.

Controlling investments allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of numerous projects included in the investment programs of the electric power industry. In the context of sanctions, lockdown and funding sources, the focus in analytical research is shifting to a mix of investment value assessments, as well as to the use of an interdisciplinary approach. For example, investment efficiency and balancing of debtors ' and accounts payable, controlling the standards of effective turnover of assets and accounts payable, and controlling the level of investment risk. These are all key tools for ensuring the long-term solvency and stability of the company and the investment program and the startup. The purpose of the article is to reveal the possibilities of controlling investments of electric power companies using a profile accounting system. Various tools of controlling and technological price audit were used in the work. The use of the results of the internal technological price audit of investment programs within the framework of controlling systems of electric power companies to ensure their long-term efficiency is the main module ofthe financial policy oftop management. Investment audit and controlling allow us to maintain international standards of investment eiciency throughout the entire business cycle. The results of the article have the potential for successful theoretical and practical application in the process of organizing the controlling of investments, receivables and payables in the company; and they can become part of the methodological tools of companies. The proposed investment-controlling algorithm allows preventing inefficient investments.

It is considered the results of research the problem of improvement of enterprise profit taxation, the ways of its solution and one of the main problems of the modern system of the enterprises taxation -connection with production efficiency. By its decision is determined the differentiation the rates of the tax to profit the enterprises. As its methodological framework proposed the use of the theory of surplus value. The system of formulas payments of taxation profit in the price of unit of product and on the level of profit on the ruble of her realization are offered in targets spreading the world methods of decision the questions of improvement the taxation profit of enterprises and ensuring efficiency of economy and economic growth on the basis the principles of neoclassic marginal theory, in which the taxation profit is considered on the level of unit product. The classiication matrix is proposed by in building materials proits tax enterprises groups, defining the level of rates of the tax to profit for each of them based on the algorithm in conjunction with the level ofproduction efficiency for 2018 year. For industry enterprises it is considered the specially industrial level of indicators - signs differentiation: structure of capital, the standart of profit, the profitableness of labour. The technique of the factor analysis and determination the reserves of increase the basis of taxation and the the income profit of budget, lowering the burden of taxation and of growth the labor productivity.

The article analyzes the results of the socio-economic development of the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) and identifies the conditions that form their differentiation in terms of economic, demographic, social andfinancial results. The article provides an assessment of the main socioeconomic results of management by the level of asymmetry, polarization, and oscillation indicators that characterize their unevenness. It has been established thatfor the effective implementation of the potential of diversity and the use of the resources of the agrarian family-individual business of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District, targeted supportfrom government structures and businesses and a reassessment of the mutual influence of the level of development of agricultural production and rural areas are required.

The purpose of this work is to study the types and forms of consumer lending in the Republic of Dagestan and identify its main trends. The current situation in the sphere of consumption of the most important goods and services by the population is analyzed, the role of consumer credit in the activation of demand is determined. The market of bank loans, the conditions for their provision were studied, the main features of the consumer lending sector, as well as the problems of its functioning, were revealed. Based on the analysis of the structure of credit operations carried out in the republic, a conclusion was made about the leading role and positive dynamics of consumer loans in the general line of banking products. Certain measures are proposed to further develop this sector.

In order to develop an effective regional policy and reduce the asymmetry in the development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, a comprehensive multidimensional assessment of the ongoing processes in the economic and social spheres is necessary. The article presents the results of assessing the level of socioeconomic development of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2014 and 2019. The proposed approach to analysis is based on the construction of indexes by blocks reflecting the most important aspects of the social and economic development of territories. The data obtained made it possible to form cartographic profiles of subjects for monitoring the functioning of the economic and social spheres of the regions. The analysis carried out will allow using a targeted approach in the development of state regional policy.

The article analyzes modern trends in the civilizational transition and identifies its leaders. The role and importance of the middle class in Russia and in the West is determined, the author's understanding of their differences is given. The thesis is put forward describing the Russian possibilities for overcoming the complex crisis. The mechanism of accumulation of traditional socio-cultural values in the new post-industrial culture possesses such an opportunity. in the foreground is the intellectual resource that allows the transition to a fundamentally different type of economy based on knowledge. However, sustainable development today is driven not only by innovations that pave the way for the future, but also by traditions that maintain stability. The Russian cultural code and mentality are a successful algorithm for peoples living in critical areas for survival.

The article considers the priorities of successful activity of a social entrepreneur in a post-pandemic situation. Social entrepreneurship is considered in the context of community-oriented initiatives that bring together stakeholders to support non-profit and charitable efforts to help vulnerable members of society. The criteria of social entrepreneurship are also highlighted, defining it as a hybrid of state intervention and pure business, focusing on issues that are not signiicant enough to attract private capital. The main forms of financing and grant support for socially responsible business are analyzed.

The article actualizes the problem of the performance of development institutions that provide financial support to agricultural producers at the present stage. The elements of scientific novelty are the comparative characteristics of development institutions and the selection of criteria for their attribution to the agro-industrial complex. The analysis of the perimeter of the development institutions of the VEB.RF group was carried out, their new targets and tasks were determined, the factors hindering the effectiveness of the activities of federal and regional development institutions in the field of the agro-industrial complex were generalized. The authors have proposed a system of evaluative indicators of the functioning of development institutions: the share of the added value of the investment project; the share of subsidies in the structure of budget expenditures; ratio of agricultural insurance premiums to investment volume; an increase in the created production capacity in the fields of the agro-industrial complex, etc.

The article substantiates the importance of studying the unresolved problems of interaction between authorities and business structures at the regional level within the digital economy. The ways of solving problems based on the previously analyzed results are proposed, which revealed both traditional negative factors and factors that form during the interaction of authorities and business structures at the regional level in the conditions of digitalization. A set of actions on the factors that hinder the interaction of authorities and business structures at the regional level within the digital economy is presented. Including in the implementation of targeted programs. The authors of the article propose a number of measures aimed at successfully improving the interaction of public authorities and business.

The problems of the relevance of Russian science have been discussed at various levels in the last two to three decades. The article attempts to study the reasons for the low interest of the Russian society in science and the results of its activities. On the basis ofnumerous statistical data, quantitative assessments of opinion polls, data from the Internet and a number ofother sources, the authors show a low interest ofmodern Russian society in scientific research and in the development ofscience. The volume of expenses for research and development, sources of funding for scientific works are considered; human resources. Comparative data of the structure of internal expenditures on research and development by sources of financing of the five world leaders and Russia are presented. The role of upbringing and education in the emergence of interest in the science of Russian education is investigated. In the conclusion, the corresponding conclusions are drawn about the possible ways of solving the problem.

The development of international academic mobility is considered in the article as a modern trend in scientific and technical cooperation between countries. Russian universities actively participate in the competition in the international market of educational services, which contributes to strengthening the authority of Russian education in the world. The high prestige of Russian education arouses increased interest among young people in the post-Soviet space. To more actively attract foreign students to Russian universities, Russian universities will have to create favorable learning conditions for them. The article presents the substantiation of the structure of pedagogical support for the development of international academic mobility in the post-Soviet educational space.

The article highlights and correctly describes the models and definitions associated with the process of theorizing the prospects for the development of higher technical education in the system of training civil engineers. The problems, ideas, functions, principles, methods, technologies of implementation and stimulation of the development of higher technical education in the system of training civil engineers are comprehensively reflected. The pedagogical conditions for ensuring the quality of the development of higher technical education in the system of training civil engineers are indicated in a uniied form, the clarification of the components of which can be carried out at the macro-, meso-, micro-levels of scientific research and scientific theorization. Software and methodological support for theorizing the prospects for the development of higher technical education in the system of training civil engineers are determined in the system of continuing education as a future solution to the problems of increasing the efficiency of management of professional training of scientific and pedagogical workers in the system of continuous engineering and construction education.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main directions of development of scientific and educational activities in the universities of the North Caucasus Federal District, taking into account the goals and objectives of the digital transformation of the branch of science and higher education. It is shown that in order to increase the competitiveness of the regional higher education system, an interdisciplinary approach with mass personalization of the educational process and full-scale development of digital technologies should replace the subject-branch training of specialists. As a mechanism for launching such a system, it is proposed to consider the creation and centralized coordination of powerful creative teams by industry, the so-called «digital shockfists» or «digital special forces», including professionals from different fields of activity and, above all, an information technology specialist. Using the example of one of the industry directions «university -food production)}, the main goals of this direction of digital transformation are considered, as well as the reserve and tools available in NCFU to achieve it.

One of the cutting-edge trends in the internationalization of education is the development and implementation of international joint educational programs. In this regard, the authors consider the changes in geographical vectors of international cooperation of Russian universities on the example of joint educational programs. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the needs of the main stakeholders of international joint educational programs: countries, universities, students, teachers and employers. The article presents the experience of Lobachevsky National Research University and North Caucasus Federal University. The example of these universities demonstrates the shift of the vector towards the activation of academic cooperation with CIS countries.

The article deals with the causal relationship of the influence of endurance on the performance of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the performance of their official duties for a long time. The article analyzes the concepts of physical endurance, examines the theoretical aspects of the development of general and special endurance, presents pedagogical means of restoring the working capacity of the cadets' body after performing official duties in difficult conditions. The objective necessity of unity of motivation ofprofessional duty with the developed physical endurance that provides eiciency of performance of professional activity, future employees of internal afairs bodies is proved. The main organizational and pedagogical directions in solving this problem are outlined.

One of the urgent tasks of any pedagogical university nowadays is to increase the level of language training of foreign language teachers. The purpose of the article is to define the concept and essential characteristics of linguistic readiness of students with major in languages to pass successfully various standardized tests aiming at measurement of the English language ability of non-native. The methodology provides an overview of scientiic research in the ield of foreign language education at university, in particular, on the problem of improving control and evaluation activities. The results of the study deine the fundamental concept, identify the components, essential characteristics and didactic conditions for the effective formation of linguistic readiness to pass standardized tests. In conclusion, the scientific novelty and theoretical signiicance of the article are formulated.

The article deals with the purpose, functions and requirements for the technology of critical thinking development in the process of teaching foreign-language written speech to high school students, considers different approaches to the definitions of the concepts «technology of critical thinking development}}, «written speech». The developed methodology of teaching foreign language written speech using the technology of developing critical thinking is presented, which is designed to form the skills of foreign language written speech of high school students in preparation for the Unified State Exam and to increase the effectiveness of the learning process.

The article contains employers' assessments of a wide range of components ofprofessional training of university graduates with disabilities and their personal characteristics (skills and qualities). The article analyzes the obstacles to expanding the practice of employment of university graduates with disabilities, as well as the formats of interaction between universities and enterprises and organizations in the process of vocational training and employment of this category of students.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functions of universities in the development of social entrepreneurship in the regions in the context of the implementation of their «third mission». The authors argue the need to abandon the conduct of separate isolated events. The main attention is paid to the substantiation of the structure of scientific and methodological support for the formation of youth competencies in the field of social entrepreneurship. The novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of the structure of scientific and methodological support for the formation of competencies of young people in the field of social entrepreneurship, which includes conceptual-target, analytical-diagnostic, structural-content, activity-technological and evaluative-reflexive modules. The content of the activities within each module is presented.