Spatial compression: analysis and approaches to assessment (by the example of the republic of Bashkortostan)

To implement an effective regional policy in the development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a comprehensive assessment of ongoing processes in the economic and social spheres is necessary, which determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The aim of the study is to study the processes of spatial compression of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2016–2020. The authors present a review of foreign and Russian studies on the process of spatial compression due to economic and demographic reasons. It is noted that despite the increase in the number of publications on this topic, the research topic remains poorly studied. The work provides an assessment of the degree of spatial compression of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2016–2020 based on the analysis of socio-economic processes, generalization and systematization of facts. The indicators characterizing the processes of spatial compression of territories are analyzed. The study specifies municipal districts, in which the average annual rate of reduction of the resident population is more than two percent per year in the study period, which makes it possible to classify these municipalities as shrinking ones. Further interregional research is needed on this topic in order to develop new approaches and practical tools for managing shrinking territories.

1. Markvart, E. Prostranstvennoe szhatie territorii Rossijskoj Federacii: ponyatie, kriterii, sistema pokazatelej (Spatial compression of the territories of the Russian Federation: concept, criteria, system of indicators) / E. Markvart, V. A. Bezverbnyi, A. M. Sitkovskii i dr. // Goroda budushchego: prostranstvennoe razvitie, souchastvuyushchee upravlenie i tvorcheskie industrii. – Moskva, 2021. – P. 63–93.

2. Blyaher, L. E. «Ostrova v tajge»: formy (re)osvoeniya «pustogo prostranstva» na vostoke Rossii («Islands in the taiga»: forms of (re)development of «empty space» in the east of Russia) / L. E. Blyakher, K. V. Grigorichev // Politiya. – 2020. – No 2 (97). – P. 158–181.

3. Pallagst, K. M. Shrinking smart? Städtische Schrumpfungsprozesse in den USA / K. M. Pallagst and T. Wiechmann // Gestring, N. et al (eds.) // Jahrbuch StadtRegion 2004/2005 Schwerpunkt Schrumpfende Städte. – Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005. – S. 105–127.

4. Pallagst, K. M. Shrinking cities – planning challenges from an international perspective. // Urban Infill. – 2008. – No 1. – Pp. 6–16.

5. Pallagst, K. M. Viewpoint: The planning research agenda: shrinking cities – a challenge for planning cultures // Town Planning Review. – 2010. – No 81. – Pp. 5, I–VI. – Text : unmediated.

6. Champion, A. A changing demographic regime and evolving polycentric urban regions: consequences for the size, composition and distribution of city populations / A. Champion // Urban Studies. – 2001. – No 38 (4). – Pp. 657–677.

7. Ogden, P. Households, Reurbanisation and the Rise of Living Alone in the Principal French Cities / P. Ogden and R. Hall // Urban Studies. – 2000. – NO 37(2). – Pp. 367–390.

8. Buzar, S. Households Matter: The Quiet Demography of Urban Transformation / S. Buzar, Ogden P. and R. Hall // Progress in Human Geography. – 2005. – No 29(4). – Pp. 413–436.

9. Buzar, S. Splintering Urban Populations: Emergent Landscapes of Reurbanisation in Four European Cities / S. Buzar, P. Ogden, R. Hall, A. Haase, S. Kabisch and A. Steinführer // Urban Studies. – 2007. – No 44(4). – Pp. 651–677.

10. Steinführer, A. Demographic Change as Future Challenge for Cities in East Central Europe / A. Steinführer and A. Haase // Journal Compilation, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, 2007. – Pp. 183–195.

11. Sylvie, F. Urban Decline and Shrinking Cities: A Critical Assessment of Approaches to Urban Shrinkage / Sylvie Fol, Emmanuèle C. Cunningham-Sabot // Annales de géographie. – 2010/4 (No 674). – Pp. 359–383.

12. Cunningham-Sabot, E. La revalorisation des espaces industriels, Issy-les-Moulineaux en France et North Lanarkshire en Écosse / E. Cunningham-Sabot and S. Fol // Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. – 2003. – No 93. – P. 23–32.

13. Cunningham-Sabot, E. Schrumpfende Städte in Westeuropa: Fallstudien aus Frankreich und Grossbritannien / E. Cunningham-Sabot and S. Fol // Berliner Debatte Initial. – 2007. – N 1. – P. 22–35.

14. Cunningham-Sabot, E. “Shrinking Cities in France and Great Britain: A Silent Process? / E. Cunningham-Sabot and S. Fol // In The Future of Shrinking Cities / ed. by K. Pallagst et al. ; Center for Global Metropolitan Studies, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, and the Shrinking Cities International Research Network. – Berkeley : University of California. 2009. – Pp. 24–35.

15. Budilov, A. P. Ocenka migracionnoj situacii v Vologodskoj oblasti (Assessment of the migration situation in the Vologda Oblast) / A. P. Budilov, O. N. Kalachikova // Social'noe prostranstvo. – 2020. – V. 6. – No 5. – URL: http://socialarea-journal.ru/article/28772 (accessed 10.09.2022)

16. Budilov, A. P. Osnovnye trendy vnutrennei migratsii naseleniya Rossii (The main trends of internal migration of the population of Russia) / A. P. Budilov // Voprosy territorial'nogo razvitiya. – 2019. – No 4(49). – P. 1–10.

17. Akhmetova, G. F. Dinamika trudovoi migratsii v Bashkortostane (Dynamics of labor migration in Bashkortostan) / G. F.Akhmetova // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Sociologiya. – 2021. – T. 21. – № 2. – P. 265–278.

18. Markvart, E. Sistema opornyh naselennyh punktov kak mehanizm upravleniya prostranstvennym razvitiem: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty (The system of reference settlements as a mechanism for managing spatial development: theoretical and practical aspects) / E. Markvart, N. N. Kiseleva, D. P. Sosnin // Vlast'. 2022. V. 30. № 2. P. 95-111.

19. Batunova, E. Yu. Neupravlyaemoe prostranstvo: planirovanie i politika v usloviyah depopulyacii Ivanovskoj oblasti (Unmanaged space: planning and policy in the conditions of depopulation of the Ivanovo region) / E. Yu. Batunova, M. S. Gun'ko, A. A. Medvedev // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. – 2021. – V. 66. – № 3. – P. 440–459.

20. Markvart, E. Sovremennye instrumenty i podhody k upravleniyu prostranstvennym szhatiem gorodov (Modern tools and approaches to managing the spatial compression of cities) / E. Markvart, N. Degtyareva // Gorodskaya sreda i gorodskoe razvitie : sbornik materialov nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. – Obninsk, 2020. – P. 143–150.